Comparison of stroke mechanisms with regard to insular involvement.

<p>Comparison of stroke mechanisms with regard to insular involvement.</p

Distribution of stroke mechanisms with regard to patterns of insular involvement.

<p>Distribution of stroke mechanisms with regard to patterns of insular involvement.</p

Effect of statin on progression of symptomatic basilar artery stenosis and subsequent ischemic stroke

<div><p>Background and objective</p><p>Symptomatic basilar artery stenosis (BAS) is associated with high risk of ischemic stroke recurrence. We aimed to investigate whether statin therapy might prevent the progression of symptomatic BAS and stroke recurrence.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with acute ischemia with symptomatic BAS, which was assessed using magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) imaging on admission day, and 1 year later (or the day of the clinical event). The clinical endpoints were recurrent ischemic stroke and its composites, transient ischemic attack, coronary disease, and vascular death.</p><p>Results</p><p>Of the 153 patients with symptomatic BAS, 114 (74.5%) were treated with a statin after experiencing a stroke. Statin therapy significantly prevented the progression of symptomatic BAS (7.0% vs 28.2%) and induced regression (22.8% vs 15.4%) compared to non-statin users (p = 0.002). There were 31 ischemic stroke incidences and 38 composite vascular events. Statin users showed significantly lower stroke recurrence (14.9% vs 35.9%, p = 0.05) and composite vascular events (17.5% vs 46.2%; odds ratio [OR], 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13–0.64) than those not using statins did. Recurrent stroke in the basilar territory and composite vascular events were more common in patients with progression of BAS than they were in other patients (OR, 5.16; 95% CI, 1.63–16.25 vs OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.56–11.34).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our study suggests that statin therapy may prevent the progression of symptomatic BAS and decrease the risk of subsequent ischemic stroke. Large randomized trials are needed to confirm this result.</p></div

Comparisons of daily SBP parameters according to daily END.

<p>The daily means (A) and standard deviations (B) of SBP are shown as patients with END (box) and without END (circle).</p

Comparison of clinical and retinal structural characteristics between patients with and without no-reflow phenomenon.

<p>P values were obtained by Student’s t test for continuous variables and by Fisher’s exact test or Chi-square test for dichotomous or ordinary variables.</p><p>Comparison of clinical and retinal structural characteristics between patients with and without no-reflow phenomenon.</p

Statistical association between SBP_SD and primary outcomes.

<p>Daily SBP_SD values were investigated for END#D1(A), END#D2 (B), and END#D3 (C). In multivariable analysis, the interaction term SD#D1 × SD#D2 was included in model B and SD#D1 × SD#D2, SD#D1 × SD#D3, SD#D2 × SD#D3, and SD#D1 × SD#D2 × SD#D3 were included in model C.</p

Daily SDs of SBP and 3-month functional outcome.

<p>Daily SDs of SBP and 3-month functional outcome.</p

Associations between daily SBP_SD and END.

<p>Associations between daily SBP_SD and END.</p

Fluorescein angiography (FA) images of the eye with reversal of no-reflow obtained 3 days (left) and 1 month (right) after treatment (intra-arterial thrombolysis).

<p>The macular area in the eye with central retinal artery occlusion shows capillary dropout (nonperfusion) at 3 days (FA image obtained 7 min after intravenous fluorescein injection) and demonstrates reversal of no-reflow at 1 month (FA image obtained 4 min and 30 s after fluorescein injection).</p