1,903 research outputs found
Effects of depolarizing quantum channels on BB84 and SARG04 quantum cryptography protocols
We report experimental studies on the effect of the depolarizing quantum
channel on weak-pulse BB84 and SARG04 quantum cryptography. The experimental
results show that, in real world conditions in which channel depolarization
cannot be ignored, BB84 should perform better than SARG04.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Study of the Top-quark Pair Production in Association with a Bottom-quark Pair from Fast Simulations at the LHC
A large number of top quarks will be produced at the Large Hadron Collider
(LHC) for Run II period. This will allow us to measure the rare processes from
the top sector in great details. We present the study of the top-quark pair
production in association with a bottom-quark pair (ttbb) from fast simulations
for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. The differential distributions
of ttbb are compared with the top-quark pair production with two additional
jets (ttjj) and with the production in association with the Higgs (ttH), where
the Higgs decays to a bottom-quark pair. The significances of ttbb process in
the dileptonic and semileptonic decay mode are calculated with the data
corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 10 fb-1, which is foreseen to be
collected in the early Run II period. This study will be an important input in
searching for new physics beyond the standard model as well as in searching for
ttH process where the Yukawa coupling with the top quark can be directly
measured.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figure
Optimal Gaussian measurements for phase estimation in single-mode Gaussian metrology
The central issue in quantum parameter estimation is to find out the optimal
measurement setup that leads to the ultimate lower bound of an estimation
error. We address here a question of whether a Gaussian measurement scheme can
achieve the ultimate bound for phase estimation in single-mode Gaussian
metrology that exploits single-mode Gaussian probe states in a Gaussian
environment. We identify three types of optimal Gaussian measurement setups
yielding the maximal Fisher information depending on displacement, squeezing,
and thermalization of the probe state. We show that the homodyne measurement
attains the ultimate bound for both displaced thermal probe states and squeezed
vacuum probe states, whereas for the other single-mode Gaussian probe states,
the optimized Gaussian measurement cannot be the optimal setup, although they
are sometimes nearly optimal. We then demonstrate that the measurement on the
basis of the product quadrature operators XP+PX, i.e., a non-Gaussian
measurement, is required to be fully optimal.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Coated with Galactose-Carrying Polymer for Hepatocyte Targeting
Our goal is to develop the functionalized superparamagnetic
iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) demonstrating the capacities
to be delivered in liver specifically and to be dispersed in
physiological environment stably. For this purpose, SPIONs
were coated with polyvinylbenzyl-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-gluconamide (PVLA) having
galactose moieties to be recognized by asialoglycoprotein
receptors (ASGP-R) on hepatocytes. For use as a control, we also
prepared SPIONs coordinated with 2-pyrrolidone. The sizes, size
distribution, structure, and coating of the nanoparticles were
characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM),
electrophoretic light scattering spectrophotometer (ELS), X-ray
diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR),
respectively. Intracellular uptake of the PVLA-coated SPIONs was
visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and their
hepatocyte-specific delivery was also investigated through
magnetic resonance (MR) images of rat liver. MRI experimental
results indicated that the PVLA-coated SPIONs possess the more
specific accumulation property in liver compared with control,
which suggests their potential utility as liver-targeting MRI
contrast agent
Moment-Fourier approach to ion parallel fluid closures and transport for a toroidally confined plasma
A general method of solving the drift kinetic equation is developed for an
axisymmetric magnetic field. Expanding a distribution function in general
moments a set of ordinary differential equations are obtained. Successively
expanding the moments and magnetic-field involved quantities in Fourier series,
a set of linear algebraic equations is obtained. The set of full (Maxwellian
and non-Maxwellian) moment equations is solved to express the density,
temperature, and flow velocity perturbations in terms of radial gradients of
equilibrium pressure and temperature. Closure relations that connect parallel
heat flux density and viscosity to the radial gradients and parallel gradients
of temperature and flow velocity, are also obtained by solving the
non-Maxwellian moment equations. The closure relations combined with the
linearized fluid equations reproduce the same solution obtained directly from
the full moment equations. The method can be generalized to derive closures and
transport for an electron-ion plasma and a multi-ion plasma in a general
magnetic field.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figure
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