Attention-effective multiple instance learning on weakly stem cell colony segmentation

The detection of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) colonies often needs the precise extraction of the colony features. However, existing computerized systems relied on segmentation of contours by preprocessing for classifying the colony conditions were task-extensive. To maximize the efficiency in categorizing colony conditions, we propose a multiple instance learning (MIL) in weakly supervised settings. It is designed in a single model to produce weak segmentation and classification of colonies without using finely labeled samples. As a single model, we employ a U-net-like convolution neural network (CNN) to train on binary image-level labels for MIL colonies classification. Furthermore, to specify the object of interest we used a simple post-processing method. The proposed approach is compared over conventional methods using five-fold cross-validation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The maximum accuracy of the MIL-net is 95%, which is 15% higher than the conventional methods. Furthermore, the ability to interpret the location of the iPSC colonies based on the image level label without using a pixel-wise ground truth image is more appealing and cost-effective in colony condition recognition

Economic loss and gains of marine fishing along Kerala coast

Along the Kerala coast, the capital investment in mechanized, motorised and non-mechanised sectors of various craft-gear combinations, on an average, ranges from Rs. 23000 for a small catamaran unit in the non-motorised sector to RS.25 lakh for a small trawler in the mechanised sector. The average operating cost of individual craft among these categories varies between Rs.8,000 and Rs.13 lakh providing returns to the tune of 15 per cent to 140 per cent of the capital investment. Economic loss due to juvenile fishing is severe for species like flatfish with a difIerential ratio 0.14, anchovies with 0.20, thread tin breams with 0.21 , carangids 0.29 and shrimps 0.33

Impact of environmental threats on marine fishery resources of coastal Kerala: an economic assessment

Competition and commercialization in marine fisheries have generated discrepancies and imbalances in marine ecology, sustainable production and distributive justice. The private capital investment made on crafts-gears in capture fisheries does not any way compensate the social cost of overexploitation of certain resources, uncontrolled juvenile fishing and discards. The common property nature of marine fisheries coupled with market driven catching strategies and technological changes led to overexploitation of varieties such as elasmobranchs, catfish and goatfish along Kerala coast. However, the analysis of production trends for a period of four decades reveals increasing trends in the landings of species such as oilsardine, anchovies, lizardfish, perches, carangids, tunnies, barracudas, flat fish and cephalapods. The study on the environmental economics of inshore fishery resource utilisation of coastal Kerala has been undertaken in four southern Districts (Ernakulam, Alappuzha, Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram) during the year 2001-2003 with focus on environmental hotspots of industrial pollution and sea erosion along with details of economic loss of juvenile fishing by trawl fisheries

High-resolution CT phenotypes in pulmonary sarcoidosis: a multinational Delphi consensus study

One view of sarcoidosis is that the term covers many different diseases. However, no classification framework exists for the future exploration of pathogenetic pathways, genetic or trigger predilections, patterns of lung function impairment, or treatment separations, or for the development of diagnostic algorithms or relevant outcome measures. We aimed to establish agreement on high-resolution CT (HRCT) phenotypic separations in sarcoidosis to anchor future CT research through a multinational two-round Delphi consensus process. Delphi participants included members of the Fleischner Society and the World Association of Sarcoidosis and other Granulomatous Disorders, as well as members' nominees. 146 individuals (98 chest physicians, 48 thoracic radiologists) from 28 countries took part, 144 of whom completed both Delphi rounds. After rating of 35 Delphi statements on a five-point Likert scale, consensus was achieved for 22 (63%) statements. There was 97% agreement on the existence of distinct HRCT phenotypes, with seven HRCT phenotypes that were categorised by participants as non-fibrotic or likely to be fibrotic. The international consensus reached in this Delphi exercise justifies the formulation of a CT classification as a basis for the possible definition of separate diseases. Further refinement of phenotypes with rapidly achievable CT studies is now needed to underpin the development of a formal classification of sarcoidosis

Speckle Reduction in Images with WEAD and WECD

Abstract. In this paper we discuss the speckle reduction in images with the recently proposed Wavelet Embedded Anisotropic Diffusion (WEAD) and Wavelet Embedded Complex Diffusion (WECD). Both these methods are improvements over anisotropic and complex diffusion by adding wavelet based bayes shrink in its second stage. Both WEAD and WECD produces excellent results when compared with the existing speckle reduction filters. The comparative analysis with other methods were mainly done on the basis of Structural Similarity Index Matrix (SSIM) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). The visual appearance of the image is also considered.