Localization of the murine cholecystokinin A and B receptor genes

We have determined the chromosomal locations of the two cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor genes in the mouse. Genetic localization utilized an interspecific backcross panel formed from the cross (C57BL/6J x Mus spretus ) F 1 x Mus spretus . Genomic DNAs from 94 individuals in the backcross were analyzed by Southern hybridization with rat CCK A and CCK B receptor cDNA probes. Unique map positions were determined by haplotype analysis with 650 previously mapped loci in the mouse backcross. The CCK A receptor gene ( Cckar ) mapped to mouse Chromosome (Chr) 5, in tight linkage with the DNA marker D5Bir8 . The CCK B receptor gene ( Cckbr ) mapped to mouse Chr 7, tightly linked to the β-hemoglobin locus ( Hbb ). This localization places Cckbr in the same region as the mouse obesity mutation tubby ( tub ), which also maps near Hbb (2.4±1.4 cM). Since CCK can function as a satiety factor when administered to rodents, localization of Cckbr near the tub mutation identifies this receptor as a possible candidate gene for this obesity mutation.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47021/1/335_2004_Article_BF00352408.pd

Physics of RS

Most remote sensing instruments on aircraft or space-based platforms operate in one or more of these windows by making their measurements with detectors tuned to specific frequencies (wavelengths), that pass through the atmosphere. The behavior of electromagnetic waves in free space is governed by Maxwell's equations. In homogeneous, isotropic and nonmagnetic media, Maxwell's equations can be combined to derive the wave equation, in the case of a sinusoidal field. Remote sensing instruments exploit different aspects of the solution to the wave equation, in order to learn more about the properties of the medium from which the radiation is being sensed. The electromagnetic energy can be presented in a quantized form, as bursts of radiation with a quantized radiant energy, which is proportional to the frequency. The polarization states of the incident and reradiated waves play an important role in remote sensing

Residential Real Estate Brokerage Efficiency and the Implications of Franchising: A Bayesian Approach

This paper provides substantial evidence that real estate brokerage firms choosing to franchise are more cost-efficient than firms that remain independent. It uses 1995 cost data obtained from a nationwide survey of real estate brokerages to analyze the differences in firm efficiency across firm type-franchised and independent. We estimate a single stochastic cost frontier using Bayesian statistics and measure firm efficiency relative to that frontier conditional on firm type. The results indicate that real estate brokerages are relatively efficient, implying a competitive market, but franchised brokerages are substantially more efficient than their independent counterparts. Copyright American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association.