An Experimental Study of Student Personnel Guidance with Freshman Girls at Omaha Central High School

During the twentieth century, because of the increase in the number of students in colleges, universities, and secondary schools, the shift in the responsibility for students from the home to the school, and the present-day emphasis upon personnel work, there has come a steady increase in the number of deans for women students and the importance of their function in the public eye. New deanships have been established in many colleges, universities, and secondary schools; since 1919 twenty-four courses have been organized in different institutions for the purpose of training deans; and the membership of the National Association of Deans of Women has increased from 18 in 1903 to 1,015 in 1927

Integrated Text Mining and Chemoinformatics Analysis Associates Diet to Health Benefit at Molecular Level.

Awareness that disease susceptibility is not only dependent on genetic make up, but can be affected by lifestyle decisions, has brought more attention to the role of diet. However, food is often treated as a black box, or the focus is limited to few, well-studied compounds, such as polyphenols, lipids and nutrients. In this work, we applied text mining and Naïve Bayes classification to assemble the knowledge space of food-phytochemical and food-disease associations, where we distinguish between disease prevention/amelioration and disease progression. We subsequently searched for frequently occurring phytochemical-disease pairs and we identified 20,654 phytochemicals from 16,102 plants associated to 1,592 human disease phenotypes. We selected colon cancer as a case study and analyzed our results in three directions; i) one stop legacy knowledge-shop for the effect of food on disease, ii) discovery of novel bioactive compounds with drug-like properties, and iii) discovery of novel health benefits from foods. This works represents a systematized approach to the association of food with health effect, and provides the phytochemical layer of information for nutritional systems biology research

NutriChem: a systems chemical biology resource to explore the medicinal value of plant-based foods

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Postoperative Pain Treatment in Day Surgery: A Quality Improvement Study Examining the Needs of Opioid and Effects of Oxycodone and Morphine

Background: There is sparse literature providing evidence for postoperative pain treatment in day surgery and for differences between morphine and oxycodone. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine the need for opioids and the effects of morphine versus oxycodone for pain relief and side effects at home after day surgery. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study with a quasi-randomized approach. Data consisted of self-reported three-day registration of use and the effects of the opioids, their side effects, and patient satisfaction with regards to pain treatment in a Danish day surgery conducting orthopedic and abdominal surgery. The outcomes, including the use of opioids, self-reported pain relief, and related side effects (nausea, fatigue, dizziness, and skin itchiness) were measured by a numeric rating scale and patient satisfaction with regards to pain treatment. Results: Out of the 199 included day surgery patients, 162 (81%) returned self-reported postoperative data. A total of 73% of the patients had used opioids an average of 4 times (range 1 - 16). Median levels of nausea, dizziness, and skin itching were 0 (IQR 0 - 3) whereas the median level of fatigue was 3 (IQR 0 - 6). More than 90% of the patients were satisfied or very satisfied with their postoperative pain treatment. No statistically significant differences were found between oxycodone and morphine in regard to onset time, level, duration of pain treatment, and the experienced side effects. Conclusions: Three-quarters of the patients used opioids after day surgery with a substantially varied number of doses. Few patients experienced substantial side effects, and the patients were generally satisfied with their pain treatment. No significant difference was found between oxycodone and morphine. The need for opioids after day surgery varies substantially and further investigations on individuals and follow-up are needed

Exploring mechanisms of diet-colon cancer associations through candidate molecular interaction networks

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N-terminal and core-domain random mutations in human topoisomerase II α conferring bisdioxopiperazine resistance

AbstractRandom mutagenesis of human topoisomerase II α cDNA followed by functional expression in yeast cells lacking endogenous topoisomerase II activity in the presence of ICRF-187, identified five functional mutations conferring cellular bisdioxopiperazine resistance. The mutations L169F, G551S, P592L, D645N, and T996L confer >37, 37, 18, 14, and 19 fold resistance towards ICRF-187 in a 24 h clonogenic assay, respectively. Purified recombinant L169F protein is highly resistant towards catalytic inhibition by ICRF-187 in vitro while G551S, D645N, and T996L proteins are not. This demonstrates that cellular bisdioxopiperazine resistance can result from at least two classes of mutations in topoisomerase II; one class renders the protein non-responsive to bisdioxopiperazine compounds, while an other class does not appear to affect the catalytic sensitivity towards these drugs. In addition, our results indicate that different protein domains are involved in mediating the effect of bisdioxopiperazine compounds

Analyzing repeated data collected by mobile phones and frequent text messages. An example of Low back pain measured weekly for 18 weeks

BACKGROUND: Repeated data collection is desirable when monitoring fluctuating conditions. Mobile phones can be used to gather such data from large groups of respondents by sending and receiving frequently repeated short questions and answers as text messages. The analysis of repeated data involves some challenges. Vital issues to consider are the within-subject correlation, the between measurement occasion correlation and the presence of missing values. The overall aim of this commentary is to describe different methods of analyzing repeated data. It is meant to give an overview for the clinical researcher in order for complex outcome measures to be interpreted in a clinically meaningful way. METHODS: A model data set was formed using data from two clinical studies, where patients with low back pain were followed with weekly text messages for 18 weeks. Different research questions and analytic approaches were illustrated and discussed, as well as the handling of missing data. In the applications the weekly outcome “number of days with pain” was analyzed in relation to the patients’ “previous duration of pain” (categorized as more or less than 30 days in the previous year). Research questions with appropriate analytical methods 1: How many days with pain do patients experience? This question was answered with data summaries. 2: What is the proportion of participants “recovered” at a specific time point? This question was answered using logistic regression analysis. 3: What is the time to recovery? This question was answered using survival analysis, illustrated in Kaplan-Meier curves, Proportional Hazard regression analyses and spline regression analyses. 4: How is the repeatedly measured data associated with baseline (predictor) variables? This question was answered using generalized Estimating Equations, Poisson regression and Mixed linear models analyses. 5: Are there subgroups of patients with similar courses of pain within the studied population? A visual approach and hierarchical cluster analyses revealed different subgroups using subsets of the model data. CONCLUSIONS: We have illustrated several ways of analysing repeated measures with both traditional analytic approaches using standard statistical packages, as well as recently developed statistical methods that will utilize all the vital features inherent in the data