10,151 research outputs found
Was New York City A Source Of Global Sars-Cov-2 Spread?
Get PDFCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in the United States on January 15, 2020, in the state of Washington. Shortly after that, on February 29, 2020, the first case of COVID-19 was reported in New York City. From January 2020 through July 2020, there were 223,107 cases of COVID-19 that led to 18,787 COVID-19 related deaths in New York City alone. During this time, many left New York City to avoid contracting the virus or to return home. This travel seeded much of the transmission within the United States. We aimed to identify any international transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as well from New York City and quantify the number of lasting transmission events by combining traditional epidemiological methods with phylogenetic and genomic methods. By subsampling more than 450,000 SARS-CoV-2 genomes publicly available up to 2020-11-02, we estimated the number of times SARS-CoV-2 was introduced from New York City to various geographic regions, not including the United States. On average, there were 6.7 different transmission events from New York City to other regions of the world between January and July of 2020. On average, Western Europe had the most introductions from New York City, followed by Northern Europe. These results were somewhat expected based on air-travel data where we saw that most travelers from New York City flew to the Caribbean, Northern Europe, and Western Europe. Overall, this study helps show that outbreaks within the United States, such as the New York City outbreak, helped fuel the international transmission events
The Nordic Model(s) of Immigration: How and Why Sweden and Denmark Present Two Different Answers to the Question of Migration to Scandinavia
Get PDF53 pagesSweden and Denmark, from the view of most of the world, are largely similar nations. Both are Scandinavian and maintain many similar aspects of culture, political structure, and general geographic location. Given these similarities, many would assume that the way each country handles immigration would be similar, but this is not the case. Sweden and Denmark present two opposing perspectives on immigration to Europe, Sweden being very generous and open to outsiders and Denmark being very closed off and suspicious of outsiders. This thesis dives into why these two countries diverge so far and how they have evolved over time. After looking at their histories, party structures, political cultures, what I conclude is that the biggest determinant as to why they have such varying policies on immigration is their differing global self-image. Sweden tends to view themselves as exemptional, as humanitarian leaders who want to be beacon to the world. Denmark alternatively also sees themselves as exceptional but feels their unique social-democracy is in need of protection and that their country cannot be open to any foreigner who wishes to come. This analysis provides a unique look at why countries can evolve so differently even in similar contexts and could provide a roadmap of what to look at in the future when trying to explain immigration policies around the world
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