Clinical data of patients.

<p>HUT = head-up tilt.</p

Hemodynamics at rest and upon (pre)syncope - age quartiles.

<p>Statistical significance of differences in continuous and categorical data between age quartiles was tested by ANOVA for multiple comparisons with Bonferroni post test and chi square test, respectively. HUT = head-up tilt.</p>#<p> = p<.05 for modified VASIS classes IIa and IIb combined.</p><p>Modified VASIS class: I = mixed, IIa = cardioinhibitory without asystole, IIb = cardioinhibitory with asystole, III = vasodepressor.</p

Modified VASIS classification [15].

<p>Modified VASIS classification <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0026489#pone.0026489-Brignole1" target="_blank">[15]</a>.</p

Clinical data of patients - age quartiles.

<p>Clinical characteristics of patients separated into age quartiles. Statistical significance between groups was tested by chi square test for categorical data (gender) or ANOVA for multiple comparisons with Bonferroni post test (all other parameters). HUT = head-up tilt.</p

Individual data and mean±SEM in the difference between the onset of hypotension and the onset of bradycardia stratified for age quartiles.

<p>Hypotension preceded the decrease in heart rate in all but six individuals (97%) irrespective of age.</p

Occurrence of cardioinhibitory responses with asystole (VASIS IIb) for age quartiles.

<p>Asystole became progressively rarer with increasing age (p<.05).</p

Individual data and mean±SEM in the difference between the onset of hypotension and the onset of bradycardia for those patients who experienced asystole during head-up tilt (VASIS class IIb).

<p>Hypotension preceded the decrease in heart rate in all but one individual (91%).</p

Original tracings of blood pressure (upper tracings) and heart rate (lower tracings) in four representative individuals who experienced a cardioinhibitory response with asystole (VASIS class IIb) during head-up tilt.

<p>Black and white arrows indicate the onset of hypotension and bradycardia, respectively. Hypotension preceded the onset of bradycardia in most (Panels A–C) but not all patients (Panel D). Panel A: female, 33 years; panel B: female, 52 years; panel C: female 17 years; panel D: female, 32 years.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Glucose-sensitive hypothalamic nuclei traced through functional magnetic resonance imaging.PDF

IntroductionHypothalamic glucose-sensitive neural circuits, which regulate energy metabolism and can contribute to diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, have been difficult to study in humans. We developed an approach to assess hypothalamic functional connectivity changes during glucose loading using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).MethodsTo do so, we conducted oral glucose tolerance tests while acquiring functional images before, and 10 and 45 min after glucose ingestion in a healthy male and cross-sectionally in 20 healthy participants on two different diets.ResultsAt group level, 39 fMRI sessions were not sufficient to detect glucose-mediated connectivity changes. However, 10 repeated sessions in a single subject revealed significant intrinsic functional connectivity increases 45 min after glucose intake in the arcuate, paraventricular, and dorsomedial nuclei, as well as in the posterior hypothalamic area, median eminence, and mammillary bodies.DiscussionOur methodology allowed to outline glucose-sensitive hypothalamic pathways in a single human being and holds promise in delineating individual pathophysiology mechanisms in patients with dysglycemia.</p

Table_1_Cardiovascular autonomic modulation differences between moderate-intensity continuous and high-intensity interval aerobic training in women with PCOS: A randomized trial.docx

BackgroundModerate-intensity continuous training (MICT) is strongly recommended for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) treatment. However, recent studies have suggested that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would promote great benefits for cardiac autonomic control. Therefore, we investigated whether the benefits of HIIT related to cardiovascular autonomic control were greater than those of MICT in women with PCOS.MethodsWomen with PCOS were randomly allocated through a blind draw into three groups: control, MICT, and HIIT. The control group did not undergo exercise, whereas those in the MICT and HIIT groups underwent 16 weeks of aerobic physical training. All groups were evaluated before and after the 16 weeks of intervention in the following aspects: quantification of serum lipids, testosterone, fasting insulin and blood glucose; physical fitness through cardiopulmonary testing; analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) by linear (time domain and frequency domain) and non-linear (symbolic analysis) methods, analysis of blood pressure variability (BPV) and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS).ResultsThe final analysis, each group comprised 25 individuals. All groups had similar baseline parameters. After 16 weeks, intragroup comparison showed that the MICT and HIIT groups had a reduction in baseline heart rate (P peak (MICT, P peak), HRV, BPV and BRS.ConclusionHIIT and MICT showed similar results for the different parameters evaluated. This suggests that both training protocols can be recommended for the treatment of PCOS. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (RBR-78qtwy).</p