Adjusted mean levels of HbA_1c by categories of exposure variables at baseline (1994/95) and follow-up (2004/05).

<p>HbA_1c = hemoglobin A_1c, SEM = standard error of the mean</p><p>*age- and sex-adjusted mean HbA_1c, for adjustment age was treated continuously</p><p>**p for adjusted mean difference (analysis of covariance); numbers of people in categories in column “n Total” do not sum up to the number in the total study population because of missing values and because subjects with intakes as needed are not listed.</p><p>Adjusted mean levels of HbA_1c by categories of exposure variables at baseline (1994/95) and follow-up (2004/05).</p

Longitudinal association between regular supplement intake and HbA_1c (1994/95–2004/05); results from generalized estimating equations (GEE).

<p>CI = confidence interval, HbA_1c = hemoglobin A_1c; ß_t = average change in HbA_1c between baseline (1994/95) and follow-up (2004/05) in the reference group “no intake”, ß₀ = difference in HbA_1c at baseline compared with the reference group “no intake”, ß_x = difference in change in HbA_1c compared with the reference group “no intake”; significant associations after Bonferroni correction are presented in bold font</p><p>*adjusted for: sex, age, BMI, waist–hip ratio, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, healthy diet, total/HDL cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes of the father, diabetes of the mother, intake of HbA_1c increasing medication; as building tertiles with nearly similar numbers of people was not possible for zinc intake, results for zinc intake are not presented.</p><p>Longitudinal association between regular supplement intake and HbA_1c (1994/95–2004/05); results from generalized estimating equations (GEE).</p

Longitudinal association between regular carotenoid intake amount from supplements and medications in tertiles and levels of HbA_1c over 10 years (1994/95 to 2004/05).

<p>n_{Total population} = 4447, n_{never smokers} = 1959, n_{(former) smokers} = 2498; 10 people who stated they were never smokers at baseline but smokers at follow-up were partly used for both strata for the appropriate time point; HbA_1c beta estimates (β_x) result from fully adjusted generalized estimating equation models and refer to interaction terms with time (represents the difference in change in HbA_1c levels compared with those with no intake of carotenoids, see β_x in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139244#pone.0139244.t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a> for total population); cut-off point for tertiles 1 and 2: 1.9 mg/d; for tertiles 2 and 3: 6.8 mg/d.</p

Characteristics of the study population with adjusted mean levels of HbA_1c at baseline (1994/95) and follow-up (2004/05).

<p>BMI = body mass index, HbA_1c = hemoglobin A_1c, HDL = high density lipoprotein, SEM = standard error of the mean</p><p>*age- and sex-adjusted mean HbA_1c, for adjustment age was treated continuously, age was only sex adjusted, sex was only age adjusted</p><p>**p for adjusted mean difference (analysis of covariance); numbers of people in categories in column “n Total” do not sum up to the number in the total study population because of missing values.</p><p>Characteristics of the study population with adjusted mean levels of HbA_1c at baseline (1994/95) and follow-up (2004/05).</p

Association between variations in the gene and incident type 2 diabetes is modified by the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol-13

Ncentrations of patients with at least one copy of the minor allele.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Association between variations in the gene and incident type 2 diabetes is modified by the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/9/9</p><p>BMC Medical Genetics 2008;9():9-9.</p><p>Published online 25 Feb 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2292153.</p><p></p

Association between variations in the gene and incident type 2 diabetes is modified by the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol-14

Ncentrations of patients with at least one copy of the minor allele.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Association between variations in the gene and incident type 2 diabetes is modified by the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/9/9</p><p>BMC Medical Genetics 2008;9():9-9.</p><p>Published online 25 Feb 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2292153.</p><p></p

Association between variations in the gene and incident type 2 diabetes is modified by the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol-7

Oncentrations of patients with at least one copy of the minor allele.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Association between variations in the gene and incident type 2 diabetes is modified by the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/9/9</p><p>BMC Medical Genetics 2008;9():9-9.</p><p>Published online 25 Feb 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2292153.</p><p></p

Association between variations in the gene and incident type 2 diabetes is modified by the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol-5

Oncentrations of patients with at least one copy of the minor allele.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Association between variations in the gene and incident type 2 diabetes is modified by the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/9/9</p><p>BMC Medical Genetics 2008;9():9-9.</p><p>Published online 25 Feb 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2292153.</p><p></p

Association between variations in the gene and incident type 2 diabetes is modified by the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol-8

Xis indicate TC/HDL-C concentrations of patients with at least one copy of the minor allele.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Association between variations in the gene and incident type 2 diabetes is modified by the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/9/9</p><p>BMC Medical Genetics 2008;9():9-9.</p><p>Published online 25 Feb 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2292153.</p><p></p

Association between variations in the gene and incident type 2 diabetes is modified by the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol-11

Is indicate TC/HDL-C concentrations of patients with at least one copy of the minor allele.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Association between variations in the gene and incident type 2 diabetes is modified by the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/9/9</p><p>BMC Medical Genetics 2008;9():9-9.</p><p>Published online 25 Feb 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2292153.</p><p></p