BGSs 250,000 shovels of mud : why each one counts and what it means

Geochemistry is the study of the distribution and movement of chemical elements within the Earth and at its surface. A geochemical baseline establishes the natural chemical status of the Earth’s surface, and allows us to monitor changes resulting from natural and man‐made influences on the environment (Johnson and Breward, 2004). We explain how a geochemical baseline is established and what it means for the everyday man and the contaminated land community. The British Geological Survey’s (BGS) G‐BASE (Geochemical Baseline Survey of the Environment) project is part of the Environmental Modelling Group, who can apply geochemistry to improve environmental, societal and economic well‐being through measurement, understanding and modelling. The G‐BASE project has been ongoing for almost 50 years. Its focus has evolved from mineral exploration to answering questions related to the environment. G‐BASE data helps us to understand processes occurring within the environment, and relate these processes to questions including those associated with contaminated land, sustainable development, human and agricultural health, and agricultural productivity. The data can help identify man‐made modifications to the baselines or background geochemistry, and supports policy development and implementation in relation to several areas including land planning regulations, land use and its quality (Johnson et al., 2005)

BREAST SUPPORT IMPLICATIONS FOR FEMALE RECREATIONAL ATHLETES DURING STEADY-STATE RUNNING

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high (HS) and low (LS) breast support on running kinematics and breast comfort during steady-state running. Eleven larger-breasted female recreational athletes completed a short duration treadmill run (2.58 m/s) in a LS and HS condition. Multi-planar breast and running kinematics were analysed; breast comfort was rated at the end of each treadmill run. The HS condition significantly reduced breast kinematics and increased breast comfort. Differences in lower-extremity mechanics were found between breast support conditions; results suggest performance may be compromised if high breast support is not worn. Individual running mechanics were also found to influence breast kinematics, highlighting that some runners may need custom-made breast support

PARENTS' DESCRIPTIONS OF BARRIERS FACED AND STRATEGIES USED TO OBTAIN DENTAL CARE *

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65428/1/j.1752-7325.1974.tb00670.x.pd

Explaining Variability in Caries Experience Using an Ecological Model

A model including diet, oral hygiene, and dental treatment and three ecological levels was tested to study variability in caries experience. Analysis produced a rank order of explanation for the ecological variables: (1) community, (2) family, (3) individual. The treatment factor contributed more to oral condition than oral hygiene or diet within each ecological level.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67939/2/10.1177_00220345740530030701.pd

Owner perceptions of radiotherapy treatment for veterinary patients with cancer

Veterinary clients may have trepidation about treating their pet with radiotherapy due to concerns about radiation side effects or repeated anaesthetics. The purpose of this study is to assess whether owners’ attitudes towards veterinary radiotherapy, including concerns over side effects, change during the course of treatment, and whether radiotherapy was perceived to affect pets’ quality of life. A prospective cohort study of clients from 2012-2015 was performed. Pets received palliative or definitive radiotherapy for various tumours. Clients completed questionnaires before, during and after radiotherapy. Questions assessed owner preconceptions before treatment, including side effect expectations, actual side effects experienced, and overall satisfaction with the process. In addition, at each time point the owners assessed their pet’s quality of life using a simple numerical scale. 49 patients were included. After completing treatment, owners were significantly less concerned about potential side effects of radiotherapy (P<0.001), side effects associated with repeat anaesthetics (P<0.001), and about radiotherapy in general (P<0.001). Quality of life did not show a significant change at any point during or after treatment. Following treatment, 94% reported the experience was better than expected and 100% supported the use of radiotherapy in pets. This is the first prospective study evaluating client attitudes and satisfaction before and after radiotherapy treatment in pets. The results indicate that radiotherapy is well tolerated, and the anxiety associated with radiotherapy is significantly alleviated after experiencing the process. These results will help veterinarians allay client concerns, and will hopefully lead to an increase in clients pursuing radiotherapy in pets