878 research outputs found
The Role of Hypermasculinity, Token Resistance, Rape Myth, and Assertive Sexual Consent Communication Among College Men
Purpose A greater understanding of how college men\u27s gendered beliefs and communication styles relate to their sexual consent attitudes and intentions is essential within the shifting context of negative to affirmative consent policies on college campuses. The results of this study can be used to help design more effective sexual consent interventions
Short-range forces due to Lorentz-symmetry violation
Complementing previous theoretical and experimental work, we explore new
types of short-range modifications to Newtonian gravity arising from
spacetime-symmetry breaking. The first non-perturbative, i.e., to all orders in
coefficients for Lorentz-symmetry breaking, are constructed in the Newtonian
limit. We make use of the generic symmetry-breaking terms modifying the gravity
sector and examine the isotropic coefficient limit. The results show new kinds
of force law corrections, going beyond the standard Yukawa parameterization.
Further, there are ranges of the values of the coefficients that could make the
resulting forces large compared to the Newtonian prediction at short distances.
Experimental signals are discussed for typical test mass arrangements.Comment: 33 pages, 8 color figure
Identification and Characterisation of an Iron-Responsive Candidate Probiotic
Background: Iron is an essential cofactor in almost all biological systems. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB), frequently employed as probiotics, are unusual in having little or no requirement for iron. Iron in the human body is sequestered by transferrins and lactoferrin, limiting bacterial growth. An increase in the availability of iron in the intestine by bleeding, surgery, or under stress leads to an increase in the growth and virulence of many pathogens. Under these high iron conditions, LAB are rapidly out-competed; for the levels of probiotic bacteria to be maintained under high iron conditions they must be able to respond by increasing growth rate to compete with the normal flora. Despite this, iron-responsive genera are poorly characterised as probiotics. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we show that a panel of probiotics are not able to respond to increased iron availability, and identify an isolate of Streptococcus thermophilus that can increase growth rate in response to increased iron availability. The isolate of S. thermophilus selected was able to reduce epithelial cell death as well as NF-kB signalling and IL-8 production triggered by pathogens. It was capable of crossing an epithelial cell barrier in conjunction with E. coli and downregulating Th1 and Th17 responses in primary human intestinal leukocytes. Conclusions/Significance: We propose that an inability to compete with potential pathogens under conditions of high iron availability such as stress and trauma may contribute to the lack of efficacy of many LAB-based probiotics in treatin
Elemental signatures in otoliths of larval walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from the northeast Pacific Ocean
The contents of the Fishery Bulletin are not been copyrighted. The definitive version was published in Fishery Bulletin 102 (2004): 604-616.The objectives of this study are to determine if larval
walleye pollock from different geographic localities can
be distinguished based on elemental signatures in their
otoliths. By analyzing sagittal otoliths with both EPMA
and laser ablation ICP-MS, we hoped to identify greater
differences among locations than would have been possible
by using either technique in isolation. If successful,
the study may provide a powerful tool for determining
stock structure and tracing migration pathways of
walleye pollock in the north Pacific. These data could
then be used by managers of one of the world's largest
single species fisheries to direct the sustainable harvest
of this considerable natural resource.This work was funded by North Pacific Marine Research
Program to KMB, SRT and KPS, and was supported in
part by NSF grants OCE-9871047 and OCE-0134998 to
SRT
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Federal Depository Library Program: Issues for Congress
A history and overview of current issues regarding the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP)
Hyponatremia in a Cold Weather Ultraendurance Race
We assessed the incidence and etiology of hyponatremia in the 100-mile (161 km) Iditasport ultramarathon. Subjects (8 cyclists, 8 runners) were weighed and serum sodium was measured pre- and post-race. Race diets were analyzed to determine fluid and sodium consumption. Subjects were split by post-race serum sodium concentration into hyponatremic and normonatremic groups for statistical analyses. Seven of 16 subjects (44%) were hyponatremic. The hyponatremic group exhibited a significant decrease in serum sodium concentration (137.0 to 132.9 mmol/L, and the normonatremic group experienced a significant decrease in weight (82.1 to 80.2 kg) pre- to post-race. The hypornatremic group drank more friud per hour (0.5 versus 0.4 L/h) and consumed less sodium per hour (235 versus 298 mg/h) compared to the normonatremic group. In conclusion, hyponatremia is common in an ultraendurance race held in the extreme cold, and may be caused by excessive fluid consumption and/or inadequate sodium intake
The Multiplicity of M-Dwarfs in Young Moving Groups
We image 104 newly identified low-mass (mostly M-dwarf) pre-main sequence
members of nearby young moving groups with Magellan Adaptive Optics (MagAO) and
identify 27 binaries with instantaneous projected separation as small as 40
mas. 15 were previously unknown. The total number of multiple systems in this
sample including spectroscopic and visual binaries from the literature is 36,
giving a raw multiplicity rate of at least for this
population. In the separation range of roughly 1 - 300 AU in which infrared AO
imaging is most sensitive, the raw multiplicity rate is at least
for binaries resolved by the MagAO infrared camera (Clio). The
M-star sub-sample of 87 stars yields a raw multiplicity of at least
over all separations, for secondary
companions resolved by Clio from 1 to 300 AU ( for all known
binaries in this separation range). A combined analysis with binaries
discovered by the Search for Associations Containing Young stars shows that
multiplicity fraction as a function of mass and age over the range of 0.2 to
1.2 and 10 - 200 Myr appears to be linearly flat in both parameters
and across YMGs. This suggests that multiplicity rates are largely set by 100
Myr without appreciable evolution thereafter. After bias corrections are
applied, the multiplicity fraction of low-mass YMG members () is
in excess of the field.Comment: 25 page
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