Participant Characteristics associated with Prior Use of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (n = 29) One Month after Publication of Efficacy Results (the iPrEx Study).

<p>OR = odds ratio; CI = Confidence Interval; P = level of significance; UAI = unprotected anal intercourse.</p><p>Variables that were not statistically significant in bivariate analyses and were not entered into the multivariable model include: age; self-perceived risk of HIV acquisition; self-identified sexual orientation; monogamous status; race/ethnicity; educational attainment; employment status; annual income; health insurance coverage; UAI with ≥1 male partner who is HIV-infected or of unknown serostatus, transactional sex, UAI after ≥5 drinks, and UAI while using recreational drugs - each over the prior 3 months; identification of a primary care provider (PCP); among participants indicating UAI in prior 3 months, having a PCP who is aware of UAI behaviors; comfort discussing same-sex behaviors with PCP; having discussed ways to protect against HIV acquisition with PCP; diagnostic history of clinical depression; positive screen for depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Scale); positive screen for alcohol abuse (4-item CAGE questionnaire); and prior treatment for drug or alcohol abuse. Variables that were not statistically significant in multivariable analyses include: number of male partners for unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) and UAI with ≥5 male partners - each in the prior 3 months.</p

Participant Characteristics associated with Awareness of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (n = 642) One Month after Publication of Efficacy Results (the iPrEx Study).

<p>PrEP = pre-exposure prophylaxis; OR = odds ratio; CI = Confidence Interval; P = level of significance.</p><p>Variables that were not statistically significant in bivariate analyses and were not entered into the multivariable model include: number of male partners for unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in the prior 3 months; self-perceived risk of HIV acquisition; monogamous status; race/ethnicity; health insurance coverage; UAI with ≥1 male partner, UAI with ≥5 male partners, UAI with ≥1 male partner who is HIV-infected or of unknown serostatus, transactional sex, UAI after ≥5 drinks, and UAI while using recreational drugs, each over the prior 3 months; identification of a primary care provider; diagnostic history of clinical depression; positive screen for depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Scale); and prior treatment for drug or alcohol abuse. Variables that were not statistically significant in multivariable analyses include: interest in PrEP (likely or extremely likely to use PrEP); gender of sexual partners in prior 3 months; educational attainment; employment status; annual income; history of sexually transmitted infection; contact with any healthcare provider in the prior 12 months; among participants indicating UAI in the prior 3 months, having a primary care provider (PCP) who is aware of UAI behaviors; comfort discussing same-sex behaviors with PCP; having discussed ways to protect against HIV acquisition with PCP; and positive screen for alcohol abuse (4-item CAGE questionnaire).</p

Characteristics of Participants Reporting Use of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (n = 29) compared to Non-Users (n = 3 356) One Month after Publication of Efficacy Results (the iPrEx Study).

<p>UAI = unprotected anal intercourse; STI = sexually transmitted infection; PCP = primary care provider; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CAGE = 4-question screen for alcohol abuse.</p>*<p>P≤0.05,</p>**<p>P≤0.01 using test for difference between groups: t-test for continuous variables, chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test (when cell sizes are small) for categorical variables.</p>1<p>Total number of participants responding to each question.</p>2<p>Self-perceived risk of HIV acquisition = scale from 1 (no risk) to 10 (extreme risk).</p>3<p>Interested in using PrEP = likely or extremely likely to use PrEP.</p>4<p>Among participants indicating UAI in the prior 3 months.</p

Sociodemographic and Behavioral Characteristics of Study Participants Two Months before (n = 398) versus One Month after (n = 4 558) Publication of Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Efficacy Results (the iPrEx Study).

<p>UAI = unprotected anal intercourse; STI = sexually transmitted infection; PCP = primary care provider; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CAGE = 4-question screen for alcohol abuse.</p>1<p>Total number of participants responding to each question.</p>2<p>Self-perceived risk of HIV acquisition = scale from 1 (no risk) to 10 (extreme risk).</p>3<p>Interested in using PrEP = likely or extremely likely to use PrEP.</p>4<p>Excludes 15/2977 (0.5%) participants who self-identified as heterosexual post-iPrEx.</p>5<p>Among participants indicating UAI in the prior 3 months.</p

Participant Characteristics associated with Interest in Using Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (n = 2 654) One Month after Publication of Efficacy Results (the iPrEx Study).

<p>PrEP = pre-exposure prophylaxis; OR = odds ratio; CI = Confidence Interval; P = level of significance; UAI = unprotected anal intercourse.</p>1<p>Interested in Using PrEP = likely or extremely likely to use PrEP.</p>2<p>Self-perceived risk of HIV acquisition = scale from 1 (no risk) to 10 (extreme risk).</p><p>Variables that were not statistically significant in bivariate analyses and were not entered into the multivariable model include: monogamous status; race/ethnicity; employment status; annual income; health insurance coverage; transactional sex, UAI after ≥5 drinks and UAI while using recreational drugs - each over the prior 3 months; history of sexually transmitted infection; prior PEP use; contact with any healthcare provider in prior 12 months; identification of a primary care provider (PCP); among participants indicating UAI in prior 3 months, having a PCP who is aware of UAI behaviors; diagnostic history of clinical depression; positive screen for depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Scale); and prior treatment for drug or alcohol abuse. Variables that were not statistically significant in multivariable analyses include: number of male partners for UAI in the prior 3 months; awareness of PrEP; sexual orientation; gender of sexual partners in prior 3 months; educational attainment; UAI with ≥5 male partners and UAI with ≥1 male partner who is HIV-infected or of unknown serostatus - each over the prior 3 months; comfort discussing same-sex behaviors with PCP; having discussed ways to protect against HIV acquisition with PCP; and positive screen for alcohol abuse (4-item CAGE questionnaire).</p

Clinician beliefs and reported practices regarding early antiretroviral treatment (n = 105), New England, 2013.

<p>Participants were presented with statements about early antiretroviral treatment and asked to indicate their degree of agreement (strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree). Numbers within bars represent the percentage of respondents selecting each response category. Blue shading represents agreement, whereas red shading represents disagreement. Data are restricted to clinicians who have prescribed antiretroviral therapy to at least 1 HIV-infected patient in the prior year.</p

Clinicians’ perceived barriers to prescribing pre-exposure prophylaxis (n = 155), New England, 2013.

<p>Numbers within bars represent the percentage of participants selecting each response category. Data are restricted to clinicians from specialties for which PrEP prescribing may be feasible, i.e., those that involve provision of longitudinal medical care.</p

Clinician beliefs regarding pre-exposure prophylaxis (n = 181), New England, 2013.

<p>Participants indicated their degree of agreement (strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree) to statements about pre-exposure prophylaxis. Numbers within bars represent the percentage of respondents selecting each response category. Blue shading represents agreement, neutral shading represents neutrality, and red shading represents disagreement.</p