Iron deposition on the tenfold surface of the Al72Ni 11Co17 decagonal quasicrystal

The adsorption behaviour of Fe on the tenfold surface of the decagonal quasicrystal Al72.6Ni10.5Co16.9 has been studied using scanning tunnelling microscopy, low energy electron diffraction (LEED), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The results show the growth of a disordered film up to a coverage of 9MLE (monolayer equivalent) after which polycrystalline island growth is observed. These islands are interconnected, and the LEED pattern indicates that they preferentially align along five directions. The AES results indicate that the film is composed of Fe intermixed with the substrate elements. The XMCD results point to an induced magnetic moment for Co and Ni in the intermixed layer/interface region

Incorporation and Company Formation in Australasia, 1790–1860

Nearly 260 companies were founded in and for the Australasian colonies between 1790 and 1860. A quantitative survey suggests that the patterns of incorporation mainly reflected ‘functionalist’ economic factors rather than ‘autonomous’ legal conditions, though the changing nature of company law did influence the various forms that incorporation took. In some sectors, outside factors and even historical accidents also pushed patterns of incorporation along distinct lines. The result was a tradition of adapting legal powers of incorporation to local needs which persisted beyond the introduction of modern company acts to the region in the 1860s and therefore shaped the subsequent evolution of the company in Australia and New Zealand

British Investment Overseas 1870-1913: A Modern Portfolio Theory Approach

We use a mean-variance approach to address the classic puzzle of British capital export in the 19th century. Our analysis shows that foreign securities listed in London offered significant diversification benefits to British investors. In simple terms, international diversification reduced risk. Conservative estimates of the optimal investment portfolio for a domestic investor suggest that the balance between foreign and domestic security offerings on the London Exchange was close to what classic equilibrium models of asset prices would suggest. Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.