Insect pest and their control - The Citrus red scale

THE red scale (Aonidiella aurantii Masc.) has a wide distribution over the globe, but tends to be a serious pest in those countries with semi-arid climates such as California, South Africa, Palestine and Australia. The native home of the pest is probably China, but it has been known in Australia for over 70 years and it was from this continent that it was introduced into North America

Insect pest and their control - Pink wax scale

THE pink wax scale is a comparatively new introduction into Western Australia and so far has been recorded only from the metropolitan area. Like all scale insects it is a sap-sucker and in common with the better known white wax scale encourages the prolific growth of sooty mould fungus on affected plants. Should this pest become established in commercial orange groves, expensive spray treatment may be necessary and so every effort should be made to control the present outbreaks, and to prevent the spread of the insects to clean districts

The Red spider - Tetranychus telarius (L)*

The red spider mite is very common pest of vegetables, garden plants and some types of fruit trees during summer. It should not be confused, however with the red-legged mite (Haloyydaeus destructor), which is such a serious pest of seedlings, but during winter season only

Insect pest and their control - The Mediterranean fruit fly

THE Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied) is without doubt the most serious insect pest with which Western Australian orchardists have to contend. Its ravages can, however, be greatly reduced if control measures are applied correctly

Study of Caustic Corrosion of Carbon Steel Waste Tanks

Solution chemistry of wastes from US atomic weapons production is controlled to inhibit corrosion of carbon steel tanks used in containment and storage. The pH, nitrate ion and nitrite ion concentrations of fresh solutions are maintained within specified limits for this purpose. In the start up process for a new waste evaporator (RHL WE), non-radioactive solutions of similar chemistry will be circulated through carbon steel piping between a steel tank and the evaporator. The evaporator is fabricated from a corrosion resistant nickel base alloy. The equipment will be exposed continuously to the hot corrosive caustic solutions. Published corrosion rates for steel in pure caustic at the elevated temperatures indicate losses >1.3 mm/y. Because the total test period for start up is relatively short, penetration will not occur. However, concern exists because the rust particles will probably circulate and precipitate throughout the system.A laboratory study was performed in order to determine corrosion to be expected for the specific waste solutions being used in start up testing of the new equipment. In summary, the test results indicate that the corrosion rates for steel are acceptable for the short term simulant tests for the new evaporator. The amount of particulate is probably not a concern, through filtration is recommended as an option. the hydrogen formation is also not a concern because it is in a steam environment, and is continuously swept from the storage vessel

Performance of evaporators in high level radioactive chemical waste service

Chemical processing of nuclear fuels and targets at Savannah River Site resulted in generation of millions of gallons of liquid wastes. The wastes were further processed to reduce volume and allow for extended temporary storage of a more concentrated material. Waste evaporators have been a central point for waste reduction for many years. Currently, the transfer and processing of the concentrated wastes for permanent storage requires dilution and results in generation of significant quantities of additional liquid wastes. A new round of volume reduction is required to fit existing storage capacity and to allow for removal of older vessels from service. Evaporator design, performance and repairs are discussed in this report

Common causes of material degradation in buried piping

Buried pipe may fail for innumerable reasons. Causes can be mechanical damage/breakage, chemically initiated corrosion, or a combination. Failures may originate either internally or externally on the pipe. They may be related to flaws in the design, to excessive or unanticipated internal pressure or ground level loading, and/or to poor or uncertain installation practice. Or the pipe may simply ``wear out`` in service. Steel is strong and very forgiving in underground applications, especially with regard to backfill. However, soil support developed through densification or compaction is critical for brittle concrete and vitrified clay tile pipe, and is very important for cast iron and plastic pipe. Chemistry of the soil determines whether or not it will enhance corrosion or other types of degradation. Various causes and mechanisms for deterioration of buried pipe are indicated. Some peculiarities of the different materials of construction are characterized. Repair methods and means to circumvent special problems are described

Flexible ultrasonic pipe inspection apparatus

Pipe crawlers, pipe inspection {open_quotes}rabbits{close_quotes} and similar vehicles are widely used for inspecting the interior surfaces of piping systems, storage tanks and process vessels for damaged or flawed structural features. This paper describes the design of a flexible, modular ultrasonic pipe inspection apparatus

Recent rural radio talks

Paratyphoid in sheep - C.R. Toop p.373 Modern methods of applying insecticides - P.N. Forte p.374 Fruit fly - C.F.H. Jenkins p.378 Current comments on vermin control A. R. Tomlinson p.38

Materials design considerations and selection for a large rad waste incinerator

A new incinerator has been built to process self-generated, low level radioactive wastes at the Department of Energy`s Savannah River Site. Wastes include protective clothing and other solid materials used during the handling of radioactive materials, and liquid chemical wastes resulting from chemical and waste management operations. The basic design and materials of construction selected to solve the anticipated corrosion problems from hot acidic gases are reviewed. Problems surfacing during trial runs prior to radioactive operations are discussed