Day and night average values of blood pressure and heart rate in 3- or 9-mo male mice.

<p>Data are presented as mean ± SEM for n observations per group. Shaded values represent dark/night period (activity period in mice). The day averages were calculated as mean values from 9 to 20 h/individual, while dark period extends from 21 h to 8 h/individual. Difference between groups was analyzed using Two-way ANOVA (maternal diet, adult diet and interaction effect). P<i><</i>0.05 was considered significant while NS stands for not significant. <i>Bonferroni</i> post-test has been performed to assess statistical significant difference within variables.</p><p>*P<0.05 compared to their respective control.</p

Relative abundance of gene mRNA assessed in livers of 6-mo LDLr−/− male mice.

<p>Values are presented as mean relative abundance ± SEM for n = 6 animals per group. Two-way ANOVA indicated a significant influence of post weaning OB diet for SREBP-1c (P = 0.0002), HMG-CoA synthase (P = 0.004) and PPARγ (P = 0.0002) as well as a significant influence of maternal LP diet for SREBP-2 (P = 0.034) and HMG-CoA synthase (P = 0.0406). HMG-CoA reductase showed a significant interaction effect (P = 0.0243). Bonferroni post-test has been performed to assess statistical differences in mRNA relative abundance within chow fed vs. OB fed animals within C and LP groups. * P<0.05 and ** P<0.01.</p

Atherosclerosis plaque area assessment in aortic root of 6-mo LDLr−/− male mice.

<p>(A) Representative images of oil red-O staining of the aortic root sections in the 4 experimental groups (scale bar = 200 µm). (B) The plaque area values are presented as mean values ± SEM for n = 6 animals per group. Two-way ANOVA indicates a significant influence of post-weaning OB diet (P = 0.0002) on plaque surface.</p

Long-term recording blood pressures and heart rate in 9-mo male C57BL6 mice (<i>exp1</i>).

<p>Recording of SBP (A), DBP (B) pressure and HR (C) were assessed during 24 h in n = 5 animals per group. Values are presented as mean values of SBP, DBP and HR calculated for each 60-minutes sequence of recording. Shaded zone on the X-axis indicates night period (activity period for mice).</p

Body weight and Plasma parameters.

<p>Data show mean ± SEM for n observations per group in the 2 experimental protocols at different time points. Difference between groups was analyzed using Two-way ANOVA (maternal diet, adult diet and interaction effect). P<0.05 was considered significant while NS stands for not significant. Bonferroni post-test has been performed to assess statistically significant difference within variables.</p><p>*P<0.05 compared to their respective control.</p

Short-term recording of SBP and HR after an acute treatment with L-NAME (A–D) and phenylephrine (E–H).

<p>Recording of cardiovascular parameters was assessed in 9-mo male C57BL6 mice (<i>exp1</i>) during 1 h in n = 5 animals per group. Values are presented as mean values of SBP or HR ± SEM calculated for each 5 minutes sequence of recording. Arrows indicate the time of injection. Δ values of SBP and HR were calculated by subtracting the mean values of the 5 time-point after to the mean values of the 5 time-point before injection. Statistical analysis by Two-way ANOVA indicates a significant influence of post-weaning OB diet (P = 0.0127) as well as a significant influence of maternal LP diet (P = 0.0429) for ΔHR after phenylephrine treatment.</p

Blood glucose concentration and area under the curve (AUC) during intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test.

<p>The test was performed in 3-mo (A and B), 9-mo (C and D) C57BL6 male mice and 6-mo LDLr−/− (E and F). Values are presented as mean ± SEM with n = 5 to 8 individuals per group. Statistical analysis by Two-way ANOVA indicates a significant influence of post-weaning OB diet for AUCs at 3-mo (B; P<0.0001) and 9-mo (D; P<0.0001) in C57BL6 mice (<i>exp 1)</i> and at 6-mo (F; P<0.0001) in LDLr−/− mice (<i>exp 2)</i>.</p