Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth of Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Uspješna oplodnja trešnje moguća je samo ako se odabere kvalitetan oprašivač koji će se preklapati u vremenu cvatnje sa glavnom sortom te producirati velike količine vijabilne i kompatibilne peludi. Morfološka homogenost i klijavost peludi te rast peludnih cijevi značajne su komponente za procjenu kompozicije sorata, a time i za uspješnu oplodnju. Osobine peludi u in vitro uvjetima ukazuju na njegovu sposobnost uspješne oplodnje i zametanja plodova nakon in vivo oprašivanja. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi klijavost peludnih zrna i brzinu rasta peludnih cijevi sorti Garnet, Gomilička, Hedelfinger, Isabella i Stonska. Rezultati ukazuju da u istim okolišnim uvjetima postoje razlike između sorata u klijavosti peludi i rastu peludnih cijevi tijekom vremena inkubacije.Succesful fertilization of sweet cherry is possible only by selection of quality pollinizer which bloom time must be reliably synchronous with main cultivar, to produce high amount of germinated and compatible pollen. Morphological homogenicity, pollen germination and pollen tube lenght growth are significant component for evaluating of the cultivars and succesful fertilization. Pollen characteristics in in vitro conditions shows pollen ability of succesful fertilization and fruit set after in vivo pollination. The aim of this research was to determine pollen germination and growth rate of pollen tube lenght of cv. Garnet, Gomilička, Hedelfinger, Isabella and Stonska. Results shown there is significant differences in the same environmental conditions between cultivars in pollen germination and pollen tube lenght during time of incubatio

Overview of the harmful entomofauna in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) production in the world

Intenziviranjem uzgoja šipka javljaju se problemi sa štetnicima i bolestima. Štete se očituju smanjenim urodom i kvalitetom ploda, ali do sada toj problematici nije posvećivana potrebna pozornost te nema potpunih podataka o pojavi štetnika i gospodarskoj značajnosti šteta koje prouzrokuju. U radu je na temelju literaturnih izvora opisana sistematska pripadnost najznačajnijih štetnika šipka. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati štetne vrste u nasadima šipka i štete koje uzrokuju na temelju pregleda znanstvenih i stručnih rezultata stranih istraživača.Intensification of pomegranate production has resulted in problems with pest and diseases. Damage is manifested in reduced yield and fruit quality, but so far this issue has not been given the necessary attention and there is no exact data on the incidence of pests and the economic significance of the damage they cause. In the paper, based on literature sources, systematic affiliation of the most important pomegranate pests is described. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of harmful entomofauna and the damage they cause based on scientific and expert results of foreign researches

Pomological characteristics and fruit colour of sweet cherry cultivar Lapins grafted on different vegetative rootstocks

Istraživanje je provedeno na samooplodnoj sorti Lapins cijepljenoj na šest različitih vegetativnih podloga (Gisela 5, Weiroot 158 , Weiroot 13 , PiKu 1, F 12/1 i MaxMa 14) na znanstveno-nastavnom pokušalištu Jazbina. Analizirane su pomološke osobine ploda (širina, visina i debljina ploda, masa ploda te dužina peteljke) i boja ploda. Rezultati ukazuju na značajan utjecaj podloge na pomološke osobine ploda trešnje. Najveća masa ploda, visina, širina i debljina ploda utvrđena je na podlozi F12/1, a najmanja na podlozi MaxMa. Dužina peteljke bila je najveća kod podloge PiKu, a najmanja kod F12/1. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da boja ploda, iskazana parametrima C i L, u značajnoj mjeri ovisi o podlozi na koju je cijepljena sorta. Najveću vrijednost parametra C imali su plodovi na podlozi PiKu a najmanju oni na podlozi W158. Parametar L, koji prikazuje svjetloću boje također se razlikovao pa su plodovi na podlozi Gisela 5 bili najtamnije obojeni, a najsvjetlije oni na podlogama W158 i W13.The study was conducted on selfcompatible sweet cherry variety Lapins grafted on six different vegetative rootstocks (Gisela 5, Weiroot 158, Weiroot 13, Mazzard F 12 /1 and MaxMa 14). The trial was conducted on the experimental station of Faculty of Agriculture University of Zagreb. The pomological characteristics of the fruits (width, height and thickness of the fruit, fruit weight and length of the stem) and fruit color were analysed. The results indicate a significant impact of the rootstocks on the pomological characteristics of cherry fruits. Maximum fruit weight, height, width and thickness of the fruit was found on the rootstock F12 / 1, and the lowest on the rootstock MaxMa. The length of fruit stem was highest on the rootstock PiKu, and the lowest on the F12/1. The greatest value of the parameter C had the fruit on the PiKu and the lowest those on the W158 rootstock. The parameter L, which shows the brightness of colors was also different, so the fruits on the rootstock Gisela 5 were darkest, and brightest those on rootstocks W158 and W13

Pomological and chemical properties of introduced plum cultivars (Prunus domestica L.)

Istraživanje je provedeno na introduciranim sortama šljive: Top Five, Top Star, Top Gigant, Haganta, Jojo, Elena, Top 2000 i Top Hit. Analizirane su pomološke (širina, debljina i visina ploda, masa ploda i masa koštice, dužina peteljke te randman ploda) i kemijske osobine ploda (suha tvar, ukupna kiselost,ukupni fenoli), te boja ploda. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su značajne razlike istraživanih svojstava između sorata u pokusu. Prema istraživanim svojstvima i roku dozrijevanja kao zanimljive za proizvodne voćnjake ističu se: Top Star, Haganta, Jojo i Top Hit. Boja kožice ploda nije relevantan pokazatelj dozrelosti ploda, te se bez analize organoleptičkih značajki, sadržaja topljive suhe tvari i kiselina, ne može pouzdano koristiti u svrhu određivanja roka berbe.The research was conducted on the introduced plum cultivars: Top Five, Top Star, Top Gigant, Haganta, Jojo, Elena, Top 2000 and Top Hit. The quality of the fruit was analyzed by pomological parameters (fruit width, thickness and length, fruit weight and seed weight, stem length and rendiment of fruit) and chemical analysis (total soluble solids, titrable acidity and total phenols) and fruit skin colour. The results showed significant differences between the varieties in the traits. According to the investigated properties and maturity tame interesting for orchard productions are: Top Star, Haganta, Jojo and the Top Hit. The colour of fruit skin is not a relevant indicator of fruit maturity, and without analysis organoleptic characteristics, of soluble solids and acids content, its can not be reliably used to determine harvest time

Fizikalne i kemijske karakteristike i senzoričko ocjenjivanje plodova šipka (Punica granatum L.) sorte "Glavaš"

Physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of pomegranate fruits of cultivar ‘Glavaš’ were investigated. External and internal fruit quality was assessed by standard parameters (fruit and aril weight and dimensions, soluble solids, total acid) and sensorial quality by panel tests (fruit size, shape and colour; juiciness, sweet/acid taste). Among locations ‘Stolac3’ and ‘Buna 3’ have significantly distinct physical characteristics. The highest fruit weight was at ‘Buna 3’. Location ‘Stolac 1’had significantly higher values of total soluble solid content (17,63 ºBrix) and acidity of fruit juice (3,16 g/L). Large differences in sensory scores for fruit taste were found between locations.Istraživane su fizikalne, kemijske i senzoričke karakteristike plodova šipka sorte ‘Glavaš’. Vanjska i unutarnja kakvoća ploda ocijenjena je standardnim parametrima (masa ploda i arilusa, dimenzije ploda i arilusa, suha tvar, ukupne kiseline) i senzoričkim ocjenjivanjem panel testom (krupnoća ploda, oblik i boja ploda i arilusa, sočnost, slatkoća/kiselost). Između istraživanih lokacija statistički značajne razlike u fizikalnim karakteristikama ploda javljaju se na lokacijama ‘Stolac 3’ i ‘Buna 3’. Najveća masa ploda izmjerena je na lokaciji ‘Buna 3’. Lokacija ‘Stolac 1’ značajno se razlikuje u sadržaju suhe tvari (17,63 ºBrix) i ukupnih kiselina (3,16 g/L). Senzoričkim ocjenjivanjem utvrđene su razlike u okusu između plodova na različitim lokacijama

Preliminarni rezultati mineralnog sastava lista sedam sorata šipka uzgajanih na karbonatnom tlu

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the traditional fruits cultivated in the Mediterranean part of Croatia with more intensive cultivation in the recent years. The objective of study was to determine leaf nutrient concentrations of seven pomegranate cultivars (five Croatian and two introduced) grown on calcareous soil as leaf nutrient analysis is consider being the best tool for diagnosing fruit tree nutritional status. Significant differences between cultivars have been found for leaf P, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn concentrations. All cultivars leaf K, Mg, Fe and Zn concentrations were under literature cited thresholds for possible deficiencies, although no visible deficiency symptoms were found. Cultivar Sladun had highest concentration of all determined nutrients and could be possible option for organic and low input cultivation.Šipak (Punica granatum L.) je tradicionalna voćna vrsta u mediteranskom dijelu Hrvatske s povećanim zanimanjem za uzgojem posljednjih godina. Cilj rada bio je utvrditi mineralni sastav lista sedam sorata šipka (pet hrvatskih i dvije introducirane) uzgajane na karbonatnom tlu budući da se analiza lista smatra najboljim alatom kod utvrđivanja stanja ishranjenosti voćnih vrsta. Značajne razlike među sortama utvrđene su za koncentracije P, Ca, Mg, Fe i Zn u listu. K, Mg, Fe i Zn u svim sortama bio je ispod literaturno navedenih granica suficijencije iako vidljivi simptomi deficijencije nisu utvrđeni. Sorta Sladun imala je najviše koncentracije svih hraniva te bi mogla biti mogući izbor za uvjete ekološke i “low-input” proizvodnje

Fizikalne i kemijske karakteristike i senzoričko ocjenjivanje plodova šipka (Punica granatum L.) sorte "Glavaš"

Physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of pomegranate fruits of cultivar ‘Glavaš’ were investigated. External and internal fruit quality was assessed by standard parameters (fruit and aril weight and dimensions, soluble solids, total acid) and sensorial quality by panel tests (fruit size, shape and colour; juiciness, sweet/acid taste). Among locations ‘Stolac3’ and ‘Buna 3’ have significantly distinct physical characteristics. The highest fruit weight was at ‘Buna 3’. Location ‘Stolac 1’had significantly higher values of total soluble solid content (17,63 ºBrix) and acidity of fruit juice (3,16 g/L). Large differences in sensory scores for fruit taste were found between locations.Istraživane su fizikalne, kemijske i senzoričke karakteristike plodova šipka sorte ‘Glavaš’. Vanjska i unutarnja kakvoća ploda ocijenjena je standardnim parametrima (masa ploda i arilusa, dimenzije ploda i arilusa, suha tvar, ukupne kiseline) i senzoričkim ocjenjivanjem panel testom (krupnoća ploda, oblik i boja ploda i arilusa, sočnost, slatkoća/kiselost). Između istraživanih lokacija statistički značajne razlike u fizikalnim karakteristikama ploda javljaju se na lokacijama ‘Stolac 3’ i ‘Buna 3’. Najveća masa ploda izmjerena je na lokaciji ‘Buna 3’. Lokacija ‘Stolac 1’ značajno se razlikuje u sadržaju suhe tvari (17,63 ºBrix) i ukupnih kiselina (3,16 g/L). Senzoričkim ocjenjivanjem utvrđene su razlike u okusu između plodova na različitim lokacijama

Evaluation of sweet cherry varieties introduced in the area of Zagreb County

Posljednjih godina postoje mnoge nove sorte uvezene iz raznih oplemenjivačkih centara u svijetu. Suvremena proizvodnja zahtijeva uzgoj sorata veće krupnoće i bolje obojenosti te pogodnosti za transport i skladištenje. Osim toga, od sorte se traži rani ulazak u rodnu dob i postizanje pune produktivnosti. Prema pogodnostima ekoloških uvjeta uzgoja trešnja je bez razloga zapostavljena voćna vrsta u Zagrebačkoj županiji ali i ostatku Republike Hrvatske. Najveći broj stabala nalazi se u ekstenzivnom uzgoju, a tek zadnjih nekoliko godina podižu se manji intenzivni voćnjaci. U Europi i svijetu zadnjih 20-ak godina uzgoj trešnje doživljava veliku ekspanziju pa je stoga odabir pogodnih sorti od velike važnosti za uspješnu proizvodnju. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom 2009. i 2010. godine u kolekcijskom nasadu Zavoda za voćarstvo Agronomskog fakulteta u Zagrebu. U istraživanju su obuhvaćene sorte Skeena, Sam, Sylvana, Van, Techlovan i Lapins. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi vrijeme cvatnje, vrijeme dozrijevanja i pomološke karakteristike plodova. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su signifikantne razlike istraživanih parametara.In recent years, many new cultivars have been released from different breeding programmes all over the world. Modern cherry growing requires the varieties of big size, better coloration and suitability for transport and storage. In addition, the varieties should be precocity. Taking into account all the benefits of the climate, the sweet cherry is a neglected fruit in Zagreb County, and in other regions. The plantation production of sweet cherry in Croatia is not very common and is mainly represented in an extensive manner. It has been only recently that cultivation of the sweet cherry-tree has experienced a significant expansion in the more developed European countries. Due to this reason, the right choice of the cultivar plays an important role. The research was conducted during the period of 2009 and 2010 in the collective plantation of The Department of pomology at Agricultural University of Zagreb. This research included sweet cherry cultivars \u27Skeena\u27, \u27Sam\u27, \u27Sylvana\u27, \u27Van\u27, \u27Techlovan\u27 and \u27Lapins\u27. The goal of the research was to determine flowering time, maturation period and pomological characteristics of these sweet cherry cultivars. Obtained results showed significant differences in researched parameters

Pomološka svojstava, sadržaj fenola i flavonoida te antioksidativna aktivnost introduciranih sorata šipka (Punica granatum L.) uzgajanih u mediteranskom dijelu Republike Hrvatske

Fruit samples of ‘Granada’, ‘Wonderful’ and ‘Hicaznar’ cultivars were collected in productive pomegranate orchard in Neretva valley, Metković (Croatia) and their pomological and chemical properties were compared. Significant differences among cultivars were noted between the studied traits. Fruit weight ranged from 429.37 g to 359.43 g and the lowest was recorded in cv. ‘Hicaznar’. Color of peel, aril and juice of all investigated cultivars was intensively red and dark red, respectively. ‘Granada’ and ‘Wonderful’ stood out with high juice yield compared with ‘Hicaznar’. Total soluble solid (TSS) of ‘Hicaznar’ (18.61%) was higher than that of ‘Wonderful’ (16.64%). Total acidity (TA) significantly differed among cultivars and ranged from 1.6% to 2.1%. According to the TSS/TA ratio investigated cultivars belong to the group of sour-sweet cultivars. Dissimilarity between cultivars was found in the phenolics content (TPC). It ranged from 679.6 to 906.6 mg/100 g D.W. where ‘Hicaznar’ stood out as a cultivar with highest TPC and also highest flavonoid and non-flavonoid content (521.1 mg/100 g D.W. and 385.5 mg/100 g D.W., respectively). In ‘Granada’ antioxidant activity measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl was recorded for 64.1%, in ‘Wonderful’ 70.2% and the highest in ‘Hicaznar’ (74.5%). Results of this assessment are the basis for practical determination of the pomegranate use.Uzorci plodova sorata ‘Granada’, ‘Wonderful’ i ‘Hicaznar’ prikupljeni su u proizvodnom nasadu šipka u dolini rijeke Neretve, Metković (Hrvatska) te su uspoređene njihove pomološke i kemijske karakteristike. Između istraživanih sorata utvrđene su značajne razlike. Masa ploda varirala je od 429,37 g do 359,43 g, a najmanja masa ploda utvrđena je kod sorte ‘Hicaznar’. Boja kore i arilusa (zrna) te soka svih istraživanih sorata je crvena odnosno tamno crvena. Plodovi sorte \u27Granada\u27 i \u27Wonderful\u27 istaknuli su se višim randmanom soka u usporedbi sa sortom \u27Hicaznar\u27. Sadržaj topljive suhe tvari (TSS) sorte ‘Hicaznar’ (18,61%) je veći u odnosu na TSS sorte ‘Wonderful’ (16,64%). Ukupna kiselost (TA) se značajno razlikovala između sorata i varirala je od 1,6% do 2,1%. Temeljem TSS/TA odnosa istraživane sorte pripadaju skupini kiselo-slatkih sorata. Različitost između sorata utvrđena je u sadržaju fenolnih spojeva (TPC) koji su bili u rasponu od 679,6 do 906,6 mg/100 g s.tv. Sorta ‘Hicaznar’ se istakla najvećim sadržajem ukupnih fenola, kao i sadržajem flavonoida i ne-flavonoida (521,1 mg/100 g s.tv. i 385,5 mg/100 g s.tv.). Antioksidacijska aktivnost mjerena sa 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl sorte ‘Granada’ iznosila je 64,1%, ‘Wonderful’ 70,2%, a najveća je bila kod sorte ‘Hicaznar’ (74.5%). Rezultati ovog istraživanja osnova su za definiranje mogućnosti uporabe šipka

Lemon (Citrus limon [L.] Burm.) - production, rootstocks and varieties

Unutar roda Citrus nalaze se neke od najvažnijih neklimakterijskih voćnih vrsta koje se uzgajaju u više od 140 zemalja svijeta prvenstveno u suptropskom i tropskom području. Limun se zbog nutritivnih svojstava i široke primjene nalazi na trećem mjestu po proizvodnji u svijetu nakon naranči i mandarina. Najveći proizvođači limuna u svijetu su Indija, Meksiko, Argentina, Kina, Španjolska i SAD. U Hrvatskoj uzgojno područje limuna je koncentrirano na mikrolokalitetima srednjeg i južnog dijela Dalmacije te na otocima. U 2021. godini proizvedeno je 262 tone, što zadovoljava oko 2,65 % domaće potrošnje. Zbog osviještenosti potrošača za zdravijim načinom života te konzumiranjem hrane bez rezidua pesticida te i o ulozi koju limun ima u konzumaciji, potencijal uzgoja je u njegovoj ekološkoj proizvodnji. Sve veća osviještenost potrošača i proizvođača kao i potpora za ekološki uzgoj utječe na održivost takve proizvodnje. Edukacijom poljoprivrednika, financijske potpore za podizanje nasada, kao i potpore certifikacije i promoviranje limuna i gotovih proizvoda značajno bi utjecalo na povećanje uzgojnih površina pod limunom.The genus Citrus includes some of the most important non-climacteric fruit species grown in more than 140 countries of the world, mainly in subtropical and tropical areas. Due to its nutritional properties and wide application, the lemon ranks third in global production after oranges and mandarins. The largest lemon producers in the world are India, Mexico, Argentina, China, Spain and the USA. In Croatia, lemon production is concentrated in the micro-localities of the central and southern Dalmatia and on the islands. In 2021, 262 tonnes were produced, which corresponds to around 2.65% of domestic consumption. Due to consumers awareness of healthier lifestyles and consumption of food without pesticide residues, as well as the role that lemons play in consumption, the growing potential lies in their organic production. The growing awareness of consumers and producers, as well as the support for organic farming have an impact on the sustainability of this production. Education of farmers, financial support for plantation farming and support for certification and promotion of lemons and finished products would have a significant impact on the expansion of the area under lemon cultivation