4 research outputs found

    Growth response and agonistic behaviour of cockerel chickens to feeding trough shapes

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    This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding trough shapes on growth performance and agonistic behaviour of cockerels. A total of 240 eight weeks old Hacro black cockerels were used in the experiment which lasted for four weeks. The birds were divided into 3 treatments based on circular, rectangular and square-shaped feeding troughs of 80 birds per treatment and 20 birds per replicate of four in a Completely Randomized Design. Daily weight gains and the frequency of agonistic behaviour at both feeding and non-feeding periods were recorded. The final weight, weight gain and feed intake of the cockerels were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the feeding troughs with birds on square-shaped feeding trough recording the highest values. Feeding trough shapes had no effect on the mean agonistic behaviour during the feeding and non- feeding periods though the frequency of agonistic acts was more prominent during the feeding period. The study revealed that in terms of growth response and for reduced agonistic behaviour, the square-shaped feeding troughs could be adopted for cockerel production. Keywords: Feeding troughs, cockerels, head pecks, chases, pushes, weight gain

    Physico-chemical and compositional changes in proprietary finished feeds stored under different conditions

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    Storage of feed plays an important role in the economic and health aspect of livestock production. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of varying storage conditions (lit and dark room) on physical changes, occurrence of insects in stored feed, storage loss and nutrient composition of owner selected broiler finisher feeds. Bags of 25kg each of broiler finisher diets from four feed companies (A, B, C and D) were obtained on the day of production and were stored under two storage media (lit and dark room) for a period of 8 weeks. The experiment was arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial layout to form eight treatments with 5 replications. Feed colour, storage loss, occurrence of insects, and proximate analysis were carried out at 2 week intervals. Data generated were statistically analyzed by ANOVA technique in a 4 x 2 factorial design using PROC GLM procedure of SAS (2007). Storage temperature (27.27 oC and 26.65 oC for lit and dark room, respectively) and relative humidity (79.83% and 80.64% for lit and dark room, respectively) monitored were not significantly (p>0.05) different. Colour changes were observed in the feed from the 29th day of storage. By the 42nd day, presence of lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica F.) was observed in all the feeds. Appearance of frass, dusty particles and webbing were observed in feeds stored in lit room on 42nd day and those in dark room on 56th day. Storage loss (%) was reduced (pEl almacenamiento de piensos desempe帽a un papel importante en el aspecto econ贸mico y sanitario de la producci贸n pecuaria. Este estudio se llev贸 a cabo para investigar los efectos de diferentes condiciones de almacenamiento (luz y espacio oscuro) sobre los cambios f铆sicos, la presencia de insectos en el alimento almacenado, la p茅rdida por almacenamiento y la composici贸n de nutrientes de piensos comerciales de terminaci贸n para pollos de engorde. En el d铆a de la producci贸n se obtuvieron, sacos de 25 kg de pienso de acabado para pollos de engorde producidos en cuatro empresas de alimentaci贸n (A, B, C y D) y se almacenaron en dos condiciones de almacenamiento (iluminaci贸n y oscuridad) durante un per铆odo de 8 semanas. El experimento se dispuso en un esquema factorial 4 x 2 para formar ocho tratamientos con 5 repeticiones. Al cabo de dos semanas se analizaron el color del pienso, la p茅rdida de almacenamiento, la aparici贸n de insectos y el an谩lisis inmediato. Los datos generados se analizaron estad铆sticamente mediante la t茅cnica ANOVA en un dise帽o factorial 4 x 2 utilizando el procedimiento PROC GLM de SAS (2007). La temperatura de almacenamiento (27,27 掳C y 26,65 掳C para las habitaciones iluminada y oscura, respectivamente) y la humedad relativa (79,83 % y 80,64 % respectivamente) no fueron significativamente diferentes (p>0,05). Se observaron cambios de color en el pienso a partir del 29潞 d铆a de almacenamiento. A los 42 d铆as, se observ贸 presencia de barrenador menor del grano (Rhyzopertha dominica F.) en todos los piensos. Se observ贸 la aparici贸n de residuos, part铆culas polvorientas y estructuras en los alimentos almacenados en iluminaci贸n el d铆a 42 y en oscuridad el d铆a 56. La p茅rdida de almacenamiento (%) se redujo (

    Changes in growth, digestibility and gut anatomy by broilers fed diets containing ethanol-treated castor oil seed (Ricinus communis L.) meal

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    Un ensayo de alimentaci贸n de ocho semanas se realiz贸 para investigar la composici贸n qu铆mica, la respuesta del crecimiento, la digestibilidad aparente de nutrimentos, las caracter铆sticas y la morfolog铆a intestinal de pollos de engorde alimentados con dietas que contienen harina de semillas de ricino tratada con etanol (HSRTE). Doscientos pollos de engorde Anak 2000 de un d铆a de edad se asignaron a cuatro dietas experimentales que contienen HSRTE a 0, 100, 150 y 200 g/kg, respectivamente. Cada tratamiento se repiti贸 cinco veces con 10 aves por repetici贸n. El peso vivo final, la ganancia de peso y el consumo de alimento se redujo (P < 0,01) con la inclusi贸n cada vez mayor de la dieta de HSRTE. Los pollos de engorde alimentados con el control y aquellos alimentados con dietas que conten铆an 100 y 150 g/kg de HSRTE tuvieron una relaci贸n alimento:ganancia similar. Los pollos de engorde alimentados con dietas que conten铆an 200g/kg de HSRTE registraron la menor prote铆na cruda y digestibilidad de fibra cruda (Contrastes lineal y cuadr谩tico, P < 0,05) y la relaci贸n alimento:ganancia m谩s pobre (Contraste lineal, P < 0,05). Se not贸 un mejoramiento similar en la relaci贸n alimento:ganacia y digestibilidad aparente de fibra cruda, grasa y cenizas con aves alimentadas con la dieta control, dietas que conten铆an 100 y 150 g/kg de HSRTE, respectivamente. El peso relativo de la molleja se increment贸 (P < 0,05) con el aumento de los niveles de inclusi贸n en la dieta de HSRTE. Los pollos alimentados con 200 g/kg de HSRTE registraron el mayor peso relativo de la molleja, el p谩ncreas y el duodeno (P < 0,05) y la mayor longitud relativa del yeyuno y el 铆leon (P < 0,05). La longitud de las vellosidades y la profundidad de las criptas del duodeno se redujeron (P < 0,05) con un incremento de la inclusi贸n en las dietas de HSRTE. En conclusi贸n, la harina de semillas de ricino tratada con etanol puede ser incluida hasta 150 g/kg en dietas para raciones para pollos de engorde, sin perjudicar el crecimiento y la digestibilidad de los nutrimentos.Eight weeks feeding trial was conducted to investigate the chemical composition, growth response, apparent nutrient digestibility, gut characteristics and morphology of broiler chickens fed four diets containing ethanol-treated castor oil seed meal (ECAM). Two hundred day-old Anak 2000 broiler chicks were then allotted to the four experimental diets containing ECAM at 0, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg, respectively. Each treatment was replicated five times with 10 birds per replicate. The final live weight, weight gain and feed intake reduced (P < 0.01) with increasing dietary inclusion of ECAM. Control fed broilers and those fed diets containing 100 g/kg and 150 g/kg ECAM had similar feed to gain ratio. Broilers fed diets containing 200 g/kg ECAM recorded the least (Linear and quadratic contrast, P < 0.05) crude protein and crude fibre digestibility, and the poorest (Linear contrast, P < 0.05) feed to gain ratio. Similar improved feed to gain ratio, apparent crude fibre, fat and ash digestibility were noticed with birds fed the control diet, diets containing 100 g/kg and 150 g/kg ECAM, respectively. Relative gizzard weight increased (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary inclusion levels of ECAM. Broilers fed with 200 g/kg ECAM recorded the heaviest (P < 0.05) relative gizzard, pancreas, duodenum weight and the longest (P < 0.05) relative jejunum and ileum length. Villi length and crypt depth of the duodenum reduced (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary inclusion of ECAM. In conclusion, ethanol-treated castor seed oil meal can be included up to 150 g/kg diet in broiler ration without impairing growth and nutrient digestibility

    Cambios en el crecimiento, digestibilidad y anatom铆a intestinal de pollos de engorde alimentados con dietas que contienen harina de semillas de ricino ( Ricinus communis L.) tratada con etanol

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    Eight weeks feeding trial was conducted to investigate the chemical composition, growth response, apparent nutrient digestibility, gut characteristics and morphology of broiler chickens fed four diets containing ethanol-treated castor oil seed meal (ECAM). Two hundred day-old Anak 2000 broiler chicks were then allotted to the four experimental diets containing ECAM at 0, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg, respectively. Each treatment was replicated five times with 10 birds per replicate. The final live weight, weight gain and feed intake reduced (P < 0.01) with increasing dietary inclusion of ECAM. Control fed broilers and those fed diets containing 100 g/kg and 150 g/kg ECAM had similar feed to gain ratio. Broilers fed diets containing 200 g/kg ECAM recorded the least (Linear and quadratic contrast, P < 0.05) crude protein and crude fibre digestibility, and the poorest (Linear contrast, P < 0.05) feed to gain ratio. Similar improved feed to gain ratio, apparent crude fibre, fat and ash digestibility were noticed with birds fed the control diet, diets containing 100 g/kg and 150 g/kg ECAM, respectively. Relative gizzard weight increased (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary inclusion levels of ECAM. Broilers fed with 200 g/kg ECAM recorded the heaviest (P < 0.05) relative gizzard, pancreas, duodenum weight and the longest (P < 0.05) relative jejunum and ileum length. Villi length and crypt depth of the duodenum reduced (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary inclusion of ECAM. In conclusion, ethanol-treated castor seed oil meal can be included up to 150 g/kg diet in broiler ration without impairing growth and nutrient digestibility.Un ensayo de alimentaci贸n de ocho semanas se realiz贸 para investigar la composici贸n qu铆mica, la respuesta del crecimiento, la digestibilidad aparente de nutrimentos, las caracter铆sticas y la morfolog铆a intestinal de pollos de engorde alimentados con dietas que contienen harina de semillas de ricino tratada con etanol (HSRTE). Doscientos pollos de engorde Anak 2000 de un d铆a de edad se asignaron a cuatro dietas experimentales que contienen HSRTE a 0, 100, 150 y 200 g/kg, respectivamente. Cada tratamiento se repiti贸 cinco veces con 10 aves por repetici贸n. El peso vivo final, la ganancia de peso y el consumo de alimento se redujo (P < 0,01) con la inclusi贸n cada vez mayor de la dieta de HSRTE. Los pollos de engorde alimentados con el control y aquellos alimentados con dietas que conten铆an 100 y 150 g/kg de HSRTE tuvieron una relaci贸n alimento:ganancia similar. Los pollos de engorde alimentados con dietas que conten铆an 200g/kg de HSRTE registraron la menor prote铆na cruda y digestibilidad de fibra cruda (Contrastes lineal y cuadr谩tico, P < 0,05) y la relaci贸n alimento:ganancia m谩s pobre (Contraste lineal, P < 0,05). Se not贸 un mejoramiento similar en la relaci贸n alimento:ganacia y digestibilidad aparente de fibra cruda, grasa y cenizas con aves alimentadas con la dieta control, dietas que conten铆an 100 y 150 g/kg de HSRTE, respectivamente. El peso relativo de la molleja se increment贸 (P < 0,05) con el aumento de los niveles de inclusi贸n en la dieta de HSRTE. Los pollos alimentados con 200 g/kg de HSRTE registraron el mayor peso relativo de la molleja, el p谩ncreas y el duodeno (P < 0,05) y la mayor longitud relativa del yeyuno y el 铆leon (P < 0,05). La longitud de las vellosidades y la profundidad de las criptas del duodeno se redujeron (P < 0,05) con un incremento de la inclusi贸n en las dietas de HSRTE. En conclusi贸n, la harina de semillas de ricino tratada con etanol puede ser incluida hasta 150 g/kg en dietas para raciones para pollos de engorde, sin perjudicar el crecimiento y la digestibilidad de los nutrimentos
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