Acguisition of problem-solving skills for 5th grade students in mathematics

Problēmu risināšanas prasmes ir svarīgas skolēnu caurviju prasmes, un tās ir iespējams vingrināt, matemātikas satura apguvē plānojot stundas darbu, kurā atbilstoši modelētā pedagoģiskā situācijā skolēnam jāpielieto prasme patstāvīgi uzdot jautājumus, lai iedziļinātos un fokusētu uzmanību uz izvirzīto problēmu, prasme plānot matemātiskus paņēmienus, lai sasniegtu risinājumu, prasme izvēlēties un īstenot piemērotus matemātiskos paņēmienus un prasme izdarīt secinājumus. Pētījumā apstiprinājās, ka īstenojot problēmu risināšanas mācību pieeju, tiek veicināta skolēnu iesaiste stundas darbā un stiprinātas problēmu risināšanas prasmes.Problem-solving skills are an important skills for pupils and can be practiced by planning an training job in the math area where, in an appropriately modelled pedagogical situation, a pupil needs to use the skills to ask questions independently in order to look into and focus on the challenge, the skills to plan mathematical techniques to reach a solution, the skills to choose and appropriate mathematical techniques and the ability to draw conclusions. The study confirmed that the implementation of the problem based learning(PBL) promotes the involvement of pupils in training work and acquisition of problem-solving skills

Perinatal outcomes of multiple births conceived through in vitro fertilization compared with spontaneous multiple births

Pregnancies that occur after assisted reproduction procedures constitute high-risk pregnancies. There is a lack of sufficient epidemio-logically based data on this issue in Latvia. The aim of this study was to compare the maternal and perinatal outcomes of multiple pregnancies conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) in comparison with spontaneous multiple pregnancies. This retrospective cohort study (2007–2014) analysed data from population-based Medical Birth Register (MBR). There is a statistically significant increase of multiple births from IVF pregnancies – an average 2% per year (p < 0.01). Newborns of IVF multiple births have higher odds of low birth weight (OR = 1.2) and congenital anomalies (OR = 1.6). Maternity characteristics showed that mothers in the IVF group were significantly older than those in the control group (≥35 years) (OR = 2.1) and primipara births (OR = 4.1). Multiple births conceived by IVF have similar outcomes as spontaneously conceived multiples in the perinatal period, although the rates of congenital anomalies after IVF are just slightly higher than in control group

Perinatal outcomes of multiple births conceived through in vitro fertilization compared with spontaneous multiple births

Pregnancies that occur after assisted reproduction procedures constitute high-risk pregnancies. There is a lack of sufficient epidemio-logically based data on this issue in Latvia. The aim of this study was to compare the maternal and perinatal outcomes of multiple pregnancies conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) in comparison with spontaneous multiple pregnancies. This retrospective cohort study (2007–2014) analysed data from population-based Medical Birth Register (MBR). There is a statistically significant increase of multiple births from IVF pregnancies – an average 2% per year (p < 0.01). Newborns of IVF multiple births have higher odds of low birth weight (OR = 1.2) and congenital anomalies (OR = 1.6). Maternity characteristics showed that mothers in the IVF group were significantly older than those in the control group (≥35 years) (OR = 2.1) and primipara births (OR = 4.1). Multiple births conceived by IVF have similar outcomes as spontaneously conceived multiples in the perinatal period, although the rates of congenital anomalies after IVF are just slightly higher than in control group