489 research outputs found
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Examining the Relationships Among Categorization, Stereotype Activation, and Stereotype Application.
Increased category salience is associated with increased stereotyping. Prior research has not examined the processes that may account for this relationship. That is, it is unclear whether category salience leads to increased stereotyping by increasing stereotype activation (i.e., increased accessibility of stereotypic information), application (i.e., increasing the tendency to apply activated stereotypes), or both processes simultaneously. We examined this question across three studies by manipulating category salience in an implicit stereotyping measure and by applying a process model that provides independent estimates of stereotype activation and application. Our results replicated past findings that category salience increases stereotyping. Modeling results showed that category salience consistently increased the extent of stereotype application but increased stereotype activation in more limited contexts. Implications for models of social categorization and stereotyping are discussed
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Implementation Intentions Reduce Implicit Stereotype Activation and Application.
Research has found that implementation intentions, if-then action plans (e.g., "if I see a Black face, I will think safe"), reduce stereotyping on implicit measures. However, it is unknown by what process(es) implementation intentions reduce implicit stereotyping. The present research examines the effects of implementation intentions on stereotype activation (e.g., extent to which stereotypic information is accessible) and stereotype application (e.g., extent to which accessible stereotypes are applied in judgment). In addition, we assessed the efficiency of implementation intentions by manipulating cognitive resources (e.g., digit-span, restricted response window) while participants made judgments on an implicit stereotyping measure. Across four studies, implementation intentions reduced implicit stereotyping. This decrease in stereotyping was associated with reductions in both stereotype activation and application. In addition, these effects of implementation intentions were highly efficient and associated with reduced stereotyping even for groups for which people may have little practice inhibiting stereotypes (e.g., gender)
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An examination of the processes by which construal level affects the implicit evaluation of goal relevant stimuli.
Previous research has found that construal levelāhow abstractly or concretely people represent eventsācan impact implicit evaluations. Abstract high-level construal (vs. concrete low-level construal) promotes evaluative responses consistent with global (strongly held, long-term) rather than local (short-term, situational) goals. It remains unclear by what cognitive process(es) this occurs. In this paper, we examine two
possibilities. High-level construal might enhance the unintended influence of activated evaluative associations or facilitate the detection and implementation of intentional responses. To examine these possibilities, the current study applies a multinomial processing tree model to data from Fujita and Han (2009). Results suggest that high-level construal facilitates goal-consistent evaluations by increasing both the unintentional influence of activated goal-consistent positive associations and the intentional detection of and implementation of accurate responding to goal-relevant stimuli. These findings extend our understanding of how construal level promotes goal consistent
evaluations
Shy Geek, Likes Music, Technology, and Gaming: An Examination of Autistic Malesā Online Dating Proļ¬les
Improving The Oral Presentation Skills Of Accounting Students: An Experiment
Numerous surveys of accounting professionals have established the importance of communication skills for newly-hired accounting graduates, and challenge business schools to revise curricula accordingly. To determine if the oral skills of accounting students can be improved, two oral presentation assignments were given to students in six accounting classes at a small western university. The oral presentations were evaluated on ten oral communication skills recently judged by accounting professionals to be most important for new hires to possess. Feedback was provided after the first presentation. Results showed that oral presentation skills improved significantly after the first presentation. Accounting students can improve their oral presentation skills if the accounting faculty is committed to providing timely feedback
The attractiveness, trustworthiness and desirability of autistic males' online dating profiles
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Retrieval cues fail to influence contextualized evaluations.
Initial evaluations generalise to new contexts, whereas counter-attitudinal evaluations are context-specific. Counter-attitudinal information may not change evaluations in new contexts because perceivers fail to retrieve counter-attitudinal cue-evaluation associations from memory outside the counter-attitudinal learning context. The current work examines whether an additional, counter-attitudinal retrieval cue can enhance the generalizability of counter-attitudinal evaluations. In four experiments, participants learned positive information about a target person, Bob, in one context, and then learned negative information about Bob in a different context. While learning the negative information, participants wore a wristband as a retrieval cue for counter-attitudinal Bob-negative associations. Participants then made speeded as well as deliberate evaluations of Bob while wearing or not wearing the wristband. Internal meta-analysis failed to find a reliable effect of the counter-attitudinal retrieval cue on speeded or deliberate evaluations, whereas the context cues influenced speeded and deliberate evaluations. Counter to predictions, counter-attitudinal retrieval cues did not disrupt the generalisation of first-learned evaluations or the context-specificity of second-learned evaluations (Experiments 2-4), but the counter-attitudinal retrieval cue did influence evaluations in the absence of context cues (Experiment 1). The current work provides initial evidence that additional counter-attitudinal retrieval cues fail to disrupt the renewal and generalizability of first-learned evaluations
Structures of the Neisseria meningitides methionineābinding protein MetQ in substrate-free form and bound to L- and D-methionine isomers
The bacterial periplasmic methionineābinding protein MetQ is involved in the import of methionine by the cognate MetNI methionine ABC transporter. The MetNIQ system is one of the few members of the ABC importer family that has been structurally characterized in multiple conformational states. Critical missing elements in the structural analysis of MetNIQ are the structure of the substrateāfree form of MetQ, and detailing how MetQ binds multiple methionine derivatives, including both Lā and Dāmethionine isomers. In this study, we report the structures of the Neisseria meningitides MetQ in substrateāfree form and in complexes with Lāmethionine and with Dāmethionine, along with the associated binding constants determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. Structures of the substrateāfree (N238A) and substrateābound N. meningitides MetQ are related by a āVenusāfly trapā hingeātype movement of the two domains accompanying methionine binding and dissociation. Lāmethionine and Dāmethionine bind to the same site on MetQ, and this study emphasizes the important role of asparagine 238 in ligand binding and affinity. A thermodynamic analysis demonstrates that ligandāfree MetQ associates with the ATP bound form of MetNI ~40 times more tightly than does liganded MetQ, consistent with the necessity of dissociating methionine from MetQ for transport to occur
Structures of the Neisseria meningitides methionineābinding protein MetQ in substrate-free form and bound to L- and D-methionine isomers
The bacterial periplasmic methionineābinding protein MetQ is involved in the import of methionine by the cognate MetNI methionine ABC transporter. The MetNIQ system is one of the few members of the ABC importer family that has been structurally characterized in multiple conformational states. Critical missing elements in the structural analysis of MetNIQ are the structure of the substrateāfree form of MetQ, and detailing how MetQ binds multiple methionine derivatives, including both Lā and Dāmethionine isomers. In this study, we report the structures of the Neisseria meningitides MetQ in substrateāfree form and in complexes with Lāmethionine and with Dāmethionine, along with the associated binding constants determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. Structures of the substrateāfree (N238A) and substrateābound N. meningitides MetQ are related by a āVenusāfly trapā hingeātype movement of the two domains accompanying methionine binding and dissociation. Lāmethionine and Dāmethionine bind to the same site on MetQ, and this study emphasizes the important role of asparagine 238 in ligand binding and affinity. A thermodynamic analysis demonstrates that ligandāfree MetQ associates with the ATP bound form of MetNI ~40 times more tightly than does liganded MetQ, consistent with the necessity of dissociating methionine from MetQ for transport to occur
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