Effect of Matrix Acidizing on The Performance of Selected Niger Delta Reservoirs

The performance of matrix acidized selected wells from the Tertiary sandstone reservoirs in the Niger/Delta was evaluated, Data obtained was used to evaluate flow efficiency and production performance before and after acidizing. The results showed that Matrix acidizing proven to be the best stimulation technique employed in recent years to remove near wellbore damages and invariably increase productivity. The analysis involves the post net oil and percentage increase in oil achieved after acidizing, well inflow performance quality indicator and decline rate analysis

Nanotechnology Application in Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery: Current Opinion and Recent Advances

Chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has been adjudged as an efficient oil recovery technique to recover bypassed oil and residual oil trapped in the reservoir. This EOR method relies on the injection of chemicals to boost oil recovery. Recently, due to the limitations of the application of chemical EOR methods to reservoirs having elevated temperatures and high salinity and hardness concentrations, nanotechnology have been applied to enhance its efficiency and improve oil productivity. The synergistic combination of nanoparticles and conventional EOR chemicals has opened new routes for the synthesis and application of novel materials with sterling and fascinating properties. In this chapter, an up-to-date synopsis of nanotechnology applications in chemical EOR is discussed. A detailed explanation of the mechanism and applications of these novel methods for oil recovery are appraised and analyzed. Finally, experimental and laboratory results were outlined. This overview presents extensive information about new frontiers in chemical EOR applications for sustainable energy production

Alternate Method of Estimating Nigerian Hydrocarbon Reserves.

Reserves estimation of most oil fields is often performed through the Material Balance and Volumetric methods. Alternatively, a simple Estimation Model and Least Squares Regression may be useful or appropriate. This model used alongside with Linear Regression Analysis in this study gives improved estimates of the fields considered, hence can, be used in other Nigerian Fields with recent production history

An Overview of Natural Surfactant Application for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Surfactant flooding is an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method that recovers residual and capillary trapped oil by improving pore scale displacement efficiency. Due to toxicity and high cost of conventional surfactant, recent trend involves the use of natural surfactant for EOR. Natural surfactants are benign and biodegradable as they are derived from plant leaves and oil extracts. Herein, a synopsis of recent trend in the incorporation of newly devised natural surfactant for EOR was reviewed. Experimental results show that the surfactants exhibited sterling properties desired for EOR such as lower adsorption, interfacial tension (IFT) reduction, stable emulsion, and wettability alteration of sandstone and carbonate rocks. Overall, natural surfactants are suitable replacement for conventional surfactant. Nonetheless, an accurate modeling and pilot scale studies of natural surfactants remain obscure in literature

The Environmental Implication of Gas Flaring in Sapele Community of Delta State, Nigeria

Despite longstanding laws against gas flaring in Nigeria which is the burning of natural gas during oil extraction, and shifting deadlines to end the practice, the activity continues, with serious environmental and health consequences for people living nearby. In the Niger Delta, especially in the Sapele community of Delta State where most of the flaring takes places, residents living near gas flares complain of respiratory problems, skin rashes and eye irritations, as well as damage to agriculture due to acid rain. The major environmental implications considered in this study are environmental pollution, and ecological disturbance or destruction. Several visitations to the neighboring communities like Amukpe and Ugberikoko Communities of Delta State adjacent to most gas flare locations were carried out to ascertain any existence of common environmental hazards. Data were gathered through a well-designed survey and direct and first-hand observation from the flared environment. Different samples at various proximities from the gas flare locations were taken and measurements and experimentations were logically carried out. The result obtained in this study showed some variations away from the flare point in the flow stations. The temperature tends to normalize at 31oC. This result shows a surface temperature elevation of about 1.8 oC above mean normal daily temperature within a distance of 400 m radius away from the flare point. Hence the thermal equilibrium within Sapele localities has been altered. Soil PH is near neutral (6.62-7.88) away from the flare points and the average high soil moisture content ranges between (92% - 94%) as against 96% for the flare points and control distance. These values portray a good omen for these communities under investigation. However, less than or closer to 400 m from the flare point, residents are likely to be exposed to gas flaring effects. Nigerian oil and gas industries should design and develop a gas compression and re-injection facility with the sole objective of achieving zero flaring. The facility should also be designed to ensure export capability and to compress wet and dehydrated gas to gas re-injection wells. Finally, residential buildings should be sited at least 1 km away from the flare point

Improvement in Fluid Loss Control and Viscosity of Water-based drilling Mud under High Temperature and Sodium Chloride Salt Conditions using Nanohydroxyapatite

It is difficult to drill efficiently with bentonite (BN)-based mud (BN-WBM) or water-based muds (WBMs) in high-salt electrolytes and deep wells. This is because the fluid's rheological parameters and filtration properties change in undesirable ways, affecting the well's production efficiency. To fix this, a high-salt and high-temperature-resistant nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHAp) additive was designed using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). 0.1 to 0.5 wt% nanoHAp was added to WBMs, and a salt-resistant BN-WBM with nanoHAp was formulated with 4.8 wt% BN, 5.0 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl), and 0.5 wt% nanoHAp. At 25, 150, 180, and 210° C, the filtration and rheological characteristics of the drilling muds were evaluated. The findings revealed that between 25 and 210° C, nanoHAp increased the viscosity of the WBM by 15–139% at a 1021 s-1 shear rate. It also controlled the fluid loss of the WBM from 12.1-44.6 mL to 6.7-21.8 mL at all temperatures. It serves as an anti-salt agent by decreasing the NaCl-contaminated BN's viscosity by 57% compared to the reference value of 20.8 mPa. s at a shear rate of 1021 s-1. Further, it reduced the fluid loss by 56.8%, from 169 mL to 73 mL at 210° C. The nanoHAp surface has anionic sulphate head groups of SDS that efficiently attach to the BN surface. This keeps the Na+ ions from attacking the plate-like structure of the BN. This study reveals that nanoHAp has the capacity to inhibit BN coalescence and flocculation under saturated Na+ solutions and at high temperatures

Evaluation of Formation Damage and Assessment of Well Productivity of Oredo Field, Edo State, Nigeria

Formation damage canincurconsiderable cost for remediation and deferred production. Thorough understanding of the formation damage mechanisms, stringent measures for its control and prevention, and effective and efficient treatments are the keys for optimum production strategies for oil and gas fields. WELL 4X was investigated in this study to properly diagnosed and evaluate productivity in OREDO FIELD and Bottom Hole Pressure survey was used from Bottom Hole Pressure analysis in addition to the information of the well production history and reservoir data available to determine and assess the extent of the formation damage in the well. The WELL 4X was stimulated using Acid Foam Diversion Techniques to enhance reservoir productivity and increase economic operations. The stimulation job done on the well showed a peak increase of production from 850 bbl/day to 3200 b/d before it declined to 2150 bbl/day, and finally maintained an average stabilized rate of 2000 bbl/day. It has to be established that the treatment method on WELL 4X using Acid Foam Diversion Techniques and the Bottom Hole Pressure survey conducted on the WELL 4X in OREDO FIELD is found to be efficient in the determination and evaluation of formation damage

Effect of Nanoparticles in Drilling Fluids on the Transportation of Different Cutting Sizes in a Rotating Horizontal Pipe

: Cutting transport is difficult in horizontal borehole regions due to the limited axial velocity distribution. This causes transported cuttings to gravitate to the bottom, generating cutting beds and leading to drilling mishaps. Water-based mud (WBM) that includes nanoparticles (NPs) to determine the cutting transport ratio (CTR) performance using copper II oxide (CuO), aluminium oxide (Al2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), and silicon dioxide (SiO2) in a horizontal borehole needs further investigation. These NPs ability to transport 0.80–3.60 mm cutting sizes was tested using concentrations of 1.0 and 2.0 g circulated through a horizontal annulus at 3.5 m/s and 120 rpm. With 2.0 g, MgO lowered the viscosity by 60%, whereas SiO2, CuO, and Al2O3 increased it by 49%, 10%, and 87%, respectively. CuO NP decreased the fluid loss (FLAPI) the best, followed by MgO, SiO2, and Al2O3. The FLAPI of the WBM, which was 9.4 mL, dropped to 4.8, 5.1, 7.4, and 8.2 mL with CuO, MgO, SiO2, and Al2O3 NPs, respectively. The CTR performance of the NPs increased with concentration and decreased with increasing cutting size. CuO, having less viscosity than Al2O3 and SiO2, carried the most cutting at all concentrations and sizes. It increased the CTR by 28.8–31.1%, whereas Al2O3 and SiO2 increased it by 22.7–26.7% and 16.7–22.2%, respectively. The lowest increase was 13.6–17.8% for MgO NP. This study demonstrates the favourable impact of NP concentrations on the performance of drilling fluids while presenting many choices for the selection of NPs

Performance evaluation of nanosilica derived from agro-waste as lost circulation agent in water-based mud

Seepage or loss of the mix-water from the drilling muds into the porous and permeable formations is a common problem during drilling operation. The drilling mud design requires a good knowledge of sealing integrity and all the factors influencing the mud to bridge through fractures or pore throat of exposed rocks. Loss circulation materials (LCMs) are commonly introduced into the drilling mud to prevent or minimize filtrate loss. This study investigates silica nanoparticle (SNP) derived from rice husk (RH) termed RH-SNP using the wet-milling method as an LCM in water-based mud (WBM). The impact of the RH-SNP in the enhancement of rheology and filtrate loss control properties of WBM was studied. Subsequently, the sealing integrity of the RH-SNP in a 1 mm and 2 mm simulated fracture for 7 min was determined using a stainless-steel slotted filter disk. The performance of the developed RH-SNP was compared with the widely applied nutshell. The synthesized RH-SNP at amount of 2.0 wt% significantly enhanced the yield point and plastic viscosity of the WBM by 75% and 386%, respectively, and minimized the fluid loss of the WBM by 47% at 80 °F. The enhancement is due to the particles ability to spread and interact efficiently with the WBM. With the use of 1 mm and 2 mm simulated fracture for 7 min, the mud loss volume of the base mud reduced by 50%, 66.7%, 86%, and 90% (for 1 mm) and 40%, 65.7%, 77.1%, and 80% (for 2 mm) with the inclusion of 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 2.0 wt% of RH-SNP, respectively. Overall, the results showed that RH-SNP enhanced the seal integrity of the drilling mud and was more resistant to deformation compared to the nutshell. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of the application of RH-SNP as a loss circulation agent owing to its superior ability to seal fractured formation compared with the often used nutshell

Polymer nanocomposites application in drilling fluids: A review

Indubitably, drilling fluid is the most crucial component of drilling operations. With the current exploration of hydrocarbons in deep water horizons, unconventional formations, and anticipated production from the arctic regions, there is a need to improve the properties of existing drilling fluids for harsh conditions. Recently, the synergic combination of polymer and nanoparticle (polymer nanocomposite) has gained prodigious attention for application as a drilling fluid additive due to its sterling and fascinating properties. Herein, the application of polymer nanocomposite (PNC) as an additive in drilling fluids has been reviewed. The survey of the literature shows that PNC significantly improved the rheological, filtration, and shale swelling inhibition properties of drilling fluids. Nonetheless, accurate modelling of its behaviour remains elusive. The mechanism of the improved efficiency of PNC as a drilling fluid additive was elucidated. Finally, the gaps in the research were highlighted, and recommendations for future studies were outlined. Overall, drilling fluids containing PNC exhibited comparably higher efficiency and immense potential to overcome severe wellbore problems encountered with conventional drilling fluids