Working class politics in Lancashire 1885-1906: a regional study in the origins of the Labour Party

Chapter 1: examines the economic, social and religious characteristics of the Lancashire industrial region. Heavy industry and extensive urbanisation favoured the development of large scale trades unionism. Industrial specialisation prevented the segregation of social classes except in the conurbations of Manchester and Merseyside. Chapter 2: the industrial growth of the cotton unions determined their political outlook and policy. Comparative industrial success produced only an inconsistent programme of political action. Chapter 3: the mining unions were weaker than the cotton unions in industrial matters, yet achieved strength through co-operation with the Miners' Federation of Great Britain, a national union, and accepted the parliamentary programme of this union. Chapter 4: the new unions formed during the later 1880s exhibited many of the techniques of the older established unions, though affected a more revolutionary political outlook. Yet their links with socialism were often tenuous. Chapter 5: examines the issues and events of parliamentary politics, 1885-1906, drawing the conclusion that electoral issues unfavourable to the Liberal party tipped the political balance towards the Conservatives until 1906. Chapter 6: the religious influences in politics are examined against the background of denominational rivalry. Toryism appears to have been the product of a xenophobic, nationalist reaction to Irish Catholic immigrants. Social leadership was a further important! influence in shaping the political make up of the region. Chapter 7: looks at the earliest forms of labour representation in local elections, inspired by trades councils. None of these local movements was particularly successful in establishing a significant labour movement. Chapter 8: traces the development of political policies in general among the cotton and mining federations. The United Textile Factory Workers' Association concentrated on piecemeal factory reform whilst the miners engaged in direct parliamentary campaigning at Wigan and Ince in 1892 and 1895. Chapter 9: examines the work of the socialist organisations - the S D F and the I L P - in attempting to bring together working class political action under socialist leadership. The S D F success as a working class group at Burnley is contrasted with its lack of success elsewhere. The I L P, until the 1895 General Election, was also largely unsuccessful in winning support for its parliamentary policy. Chapter 10: continues the discussion of the two socialist parties from 1895 to 1905. During this period socialist unity failed in general, despite its being attempted at local level. The relationship with, and the contribution to, the new Labour Representation Committee is examined. Chapter 11: the reasons for the increased trade union interest in politics at the turn of the century, with special reference to the cotton and mining unions. The local labour parties that subsequently developed are analysed to assess their political composition and outlook. Chapter 12: a survey of the 1906 General Election, especially the Labour campaigns, to show the issues on which Labour candidates depended for votes. A brief, explanatory survey of Labour party development after 1906 is included to place the period 1885 to 1906 in perspective

The Effect of Religion on Latin American Migration to the United States

This paper explores the effects of religion on Latin American migration to the United States. It updates the existing literature on the effect of religion on the six stages of migration (decision, preparation, journey, arrival, settlement, and transnational linkages) by integrating field research with existing case studies to illuminate the ways in which religion plays an important part in each stage. It argues that deportation should be considered as the seventh stage of migration because of its ubiquity and the unique challenges it presents to migrants. It explores the effect of both institutional religion and personal faith on the migrant being pushed through the deportation process. The paper employs the use of qualitative interviews and a case study of the Casa del Migrante Scalabriniana in Tijuana, Mexico to explore the effects of religion on each stage of migration. While the study does not argue that religion is a part of every migrant's journey, it does provide evidence that religion is an important resource throughout the stages of migration, even to those who do not consider themselves to be religious. Finally, it invites more research be done to explore the effects of religion on the newly proposed deportation stage of migration throughout Mexico and Latin America as a whole

Evaluating the Impact of Government Land Use Policies on Tree Canopy Coverage

Many communities are experiencing the negative effects associated with not sustaining a sufficient level of tree canopy coverage. Tree canopy plays a crucial role in the environment, providing benefits such as clean water and air, erosion prevention, climate control, and sustained ecological resources and native species habitat. Additionally, tree canopy plays an economic role by increasing housing values, alleviating expenditures related to erosion destruction, decreasing spending on sewer standards, increasing energy efficiency, and reducing medical costs related to health issues, such as asthma, that are associated with environmental degradation. To study how local government policies may be related to changes in tree canopy, an empirical study was performed using Greater Metropolitan Atlanta as the study area. The statistical analysis identifies local government policies that are effective, such as specific tree ordinance clauses and zoning regulations. Policies that are ineffective (e.g., a tree board) are also identified.Land Economics/Use,

Use of the Hedonic Method to Estimate Lake Sedimentation Impacts on Property Values in Mountain Park and Roswell, GA

Metropolitan Atlanta has experienced explosive population growth in the past few decades, which has resulted in rapid residential growth. The City of Roswell is one the best examples of residential growth on the urban fringe of Atlanta, with its housing stock increasing by more than 50 percent from 1990 to 2000. Stormwater runoff created from these development sites is expected to be causing sedimentation accumulation in lakes within Roswell and a neighboring, downstream wildlife refuge located in the City of Mountain Park. Because sedimentation tends to fill-in and shrink lakes, our results provide some indication of the potential property damages associated with sedimentation. Furthermore, our results provide evidence that lake value is not monotonically increasing with lake size, which is believed to be due to the influence that geographic, environmental, and social factors have on the degree to which lakes add value to housing prices.Land Economics/Use,

Sport and 'Local Knowledge': The Cup Final and Multiple Identity in Northern England, c. 1880-1960

En Inglaterra, durante más de un siglo el fútbol ha sido un importante punto de encuentro para las lealtades locales. En particular, el torneo de la Final de Copa, ha hecho crecer el sentimiento de rivalidad, al mismo tiempo que reúne varias dimensiones de identidad local, regional y nacional. Hasta los años 60, ser representado por su club de fútbol en la Final era uno de las principales recursos por los cuales las ciudades de provincia disfrutaban por un momento de la atención nacional. Tales ocasiones daban lugar al traslado de un gran número de seguidores que viajaban hasta Wembley, en tren o por carretera, para experimentar en vivo ese momento. Pero este evento se transmitía también por otros medios de comunicación. En la era de la pretelevisión, los periódicos locales jugaban un papel fundamental al narrar, para la población de su ciudad, la historia de la Final de Copa. En esta historia se inscribía una compleja interacción de temas que servían ideológicamente para representar una ideal del "Ser Inglés"

The Perceived Influence of Mobile Telework on Aspects of Work Life and Family Life: An Exploratory Study

Telework is an emerging trend in the workplace today. According to recent estimates, almost nine million Americans work electronically from home and this number is expected to grow 10% to 20% per year for the next decade. The purpose of this study is to explore the perceived influence of mobile telework on aspects of work life and family life. A group of mobile teleworkers and an equivalent group of nonmobile workers were asked to respond to questions about their work life and family life (N=299). The data were analyzed from four perspectives: (a) comparison of mobile teleworker and nonmobile groups, (b) comparison of mobile teleworker subgroups, (c) perceptions of mobile teleworkers themselves, and (d) thematic content analysis of write-in comments. Results from all four data perspectives pointed to the positive influence of mobile telework on most aspects of work life. The exploratory data suggested that productivity/job effectiveness, morale/organizational commitment, and customer relationships were all perceived to have been positively influenced by mobile telework. This perceived positive influence was particularly pronounced for mobile teleworkers who had a dedicated home office with a door. In contrast, the data pointed to a neutral or negative perceived influence of mobile telework on company relationships, especially camaraderie. Exploratory data about the perceived influence of mobile telework on aspects of family life were also generally positive. However, the strength of this perceived influence was less than the influence reported on aspects of work. Though mobile teleworkers reported much greater flexibility in the timing and location of work, they did not report having an easier time balancing work life and family life. In write-in comments, some mobile teleworkers reported they were thriving because of the flexibility to balance their lives. Others reported they were struggling because flexibility blurred the boundaries between work life and family life. Overall, the perceived influence of mobile telework on home chores/child care, family relationships, and personal factors was somewhat positive, but generally weak. Parents with preschool-aged children reported a more positive influence on these aspects of family life. From this exploratory study it appears that, on the whole, mobile telework can positively influence aspects of both work life and family life. However, there are also potential pitfalls which must be dealt with if a mobile telework program is to be successful. Sound program design and training for employees and leaders are seen as essential and some suggestions are offered. The study of mobile telework is in its infancy, and additional research is needed to understand bow this new work form may influence aspects of the work/family interface

Environmental economics and valuation: towards a practical investment framework for Catchment Management Authorities in New South Wales

The Catchment Management Authorities in New South Wales have programs that are collectively investing $436 million over four years to achieve catchment-wide natural resource/environmental improvements. In this paper, we consider the question of how to best allocate these resources so as to increase the well-being of the public within catchments and the state. We consider the current approaches used by CMAs and make a case for Benefit-Cost Analysis as an alternative means of assessing ex ante questions of priority setting at the catchment level and for project appraisal. A major issue for BCA is the estimation of potential benefits from project investments, particularly the estimation of values that catchment communities and those living outside the catchments place on the non-use benefits associated with environmental improvements. We discuss alternative means of eliciting such values and propose the stated-preference method of Choice Modelling as a means of overcoming this Benefit-Cost Analysis shortcoming, because it incorporates advances in non-market valuation.environmental, economics, choice modelling, non-use values, investment framework, Environmental Economics and Policy,