Saw Draw: An Interactive Graphical Layout System for Surface Acoustic Wave Devices

This thesis introduces a solution to the problem of time and memory space requirements associated with the manipulation/creation of solid state device layout. Through the use of a hierarchical organization of data and a tailored indexing technique, the software described here, referred to as Saw Draw, is capable of manipulating huge amounts of data in a short period of time. This program was written for surface acoustic wave (SAW) device layout but works for a broad range of devices to include semiconductors, microstrip and others. Due to the large number of details which must be stored for each SAW structure, simply displaying a typical SAW device can become exceedingly tedious. When an entire mask of devices is organized, disk storage requirements can become prohibitive. This software has been designed to minimize both of these critical problems. This work describes the capabilities, structure and special algorithms used in Saw Draw. Included is an example of how a SAW device might be created and a listing of the program code in the Appendix

Upper midwest regional capstone award program

Five Upper Midwest universities—Iowa State University, Michigan State University, Michigan Technological University, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point—all offer a capstone course or capstone sequence for senior students in forestry that results in a written paper or project report. The five universities have collaborated with private industry and public agencies to develop an award program for these capstone reports. In this paper we describe the capstone courses taught by each of the universities and their project requirements. We summarize experience gained on the administrative and judging requirements and procedures, including those relating to costs and funding, during the first year of the competition. We also discuss the benefits of the program to students, faculty and the participating industries and agencie

Rethinking Antitrust Injury

Substantive changes in antitrust law since 1977 have had a dramatic impact on the vitality of antitrust enforcement.\u27 Recent procedural changes now seem likely to have as great an influence. In the procedural area, the emphasis has been on antitrust standing and anti-trust injury. As a result of recent judicial interpretations of these requirements, antitrust plaintiffs face increasingly formidable hurdles. As courts focus on questions of standing and injury, important discussions about whether a practice should be held to a per se or rule of reason standards frequently are immaterial. If there is no qualified plaintiff,the substantive issue need never be addressed. Technically, standing requirements limit the array of potential plaintiffs while antitrust injury requirements limit the types of compensable harms. Together, however, they form a generalized standing requirement: a list of conditions a plaintiff must satisfy before qualifying to proceed to the substantive antitrust question. The Supreme Court neglected the issue until 1977. Since that time, the Court has considered the issue on five occasions. Despite this repeated analysis, the Court has provided little guidance with respect to antitrust standing.This lack of guidance can be traced to the Supreme Court\u27s enunciation of rather general guidelines and then applying those guidelines in substantive factual contexts that are not representative of most antitrust litigation. Consequently, a division between circuits has emerged with respect to the status of different classes of antitrust plaintiffs.\u2

Relaxing the I.I.D. Assumption: Adaptively Minimax Optimal Regret via Root-Entropic Regularization

We consider sequential prediction with expert advice when data are generated from distributions varying arbitrarily within an unknown constraint set. We quantify relaxations of the classical i.i.d. assumption in terms of these constraint sets, with i.i.d. sequences at one extreme and adversarial mechanisms at the other. The Hedge algorithm, long known to be minimax optimal in the adversarial regime, was recently shown to be minimax optimal for i.i.d. data. We show that Hedge with deterministic learning rates is suboptimal between these extremes, and present a new algorithm that adaptively achieves the minimax optimal rate of regret with respect to our relaxations of the i.i.d. assumption, and does so without knowledge of the underlying constraint set. We analyze our algorithm using the follow-the-regularized-leader framework, and prove it corresponds to Hedge with an adaptive learning rate that implicitly scales as the square root of the entropy of the current predictive distribution, rather than the entropy of the initial predictive distribution.Comment: 71 pages, 2 figures. Blair Bilodeau and Jeffrey Negrea are equal-contribution authors; order was determined randoml

Insecticide Toxicity, Synergism, and Resistance in the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)

The toxicity of, synergism of, and resistance to insecticides in four strains of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), were investigated. Toxicity of nine insecticides by topical application to the susceptible strain varied \u3e2,000-fold, with deltamethrin (LD50 = 0.004 μg per cockroach) and malathion (LD50 = 8.4 μg per cockroach) being the most and least toxic, respectively. Resistance to pyrethrins (9.5-fold) in the Kenly strain was unaffected by the synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO) or S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate( DEE), suggesting that metabolism is not involved in this case. Malathion resistance in the Rutgers strain was suppressible with PBO, implicating oxidative metabolism as a resistance mechanism. The Ectiban-R strain was resistant to all the pyrethroids tested, and cypermethrin resistance was not suppressible with PBO or DEE. These findings support results of previous studies that indicated this strain has a kdr-like mechanism. Bendiocarb resistance in both the Kenly and Rutgers strains was partially suppressed by either PBO or DEE, suggesting that oxidative and hydrolytic metabolism are involved in the resistance. Trends between the effects of the synergists on the susceptible versus resistant strains are discussed