Subsurface Defects in Silicon Investigated by Modulated Optical Reflectance Measurements

The investigation of defects in silicon by modulated optical reflectance measurements has proven to be a powerful and easy-to-use method of nondestructive materials characterization. This technique has been used to monitor ion implant dose [1] and measure polishing damage [2] in silicon wafers, and to map O2 swirl precipitates in Czochralski-grown silicon [3]. Laser-induced modulated reflectance offers advantages over some related thermal-wave techniques: it is contactless, and because it can be performed at modulation frequencies of several MHz, it offers micron-scale resolution. Its noncontact and nondestructive nature makes this technique attractive for production-line use in the semiconductor industry

Fore-edge Paintings at Syracuse University

MANY PEOPLE, EVEN BOOK collectors, have never seen or heard of fore-edge paintings,l though such paintings have embellished books for more than four centuries. The art form originated in sixteenth-century Italy. Fore-edge paintings appeared in England during the mid-seventeenth-century and were produced for about forty years (165 I -ca. 1690). They reappeared in 1785 with the firm of Edwards of Halifax. Since then, many thousands of books have received fore-edge paintings and, contrary to popular opinion, the great majority of them are products of the twentieth century. Indeed, probably ninety percent of fore-edges available for sale today were painted during the last ten years. An old look to an edge painting does not necessarily indicate its age. The present article, after some discussion of fore-edge painting history, will feature a recent major gift to the Syracuse University Library from Dr. David L. Poushter and his wife, Phyllis Freeman Poushter. The Poushter collection adds to the small group of examples previously acquired by Syracuse University. My research interests in the history of fore-edge painting center on the important issues of date, artist identification or classification, and provenance

Keeping Public Colleges Affordable: A Study of Persistence in Indiana\u27s Public Colleges and Universities

It is important for states to assess periodically the effects of student aid on persistence in the public systems of higher education. Recently, a workable persistence model has emerged that can be used for this purpose. This paper uses the model to examine the influence of student aid on persistence by full-time resident undergraduates enrolled in Indiana\u27s public system of higher education during the 1997-98 academic year. The analysis reveals that student financial aid was adequate, largely due to a substantial state investment in need-based grants

Constitutive modeling for isotropic materials (HOST)

The results of the third year of work on a program which is part of the NASA Hot Section Technology program (HOST) are presented. The goals of this program are: (1) the development of unified constitutive models for rate dependent isotropic materials; and (2) the demonstration of the use of unified models in structural analyses of hot section components of gas turbine engines. The unified models selected for development and evaluation are those of Bodner-Partom and of Walker. A test procedure was developed for assisting the generation of a data base for the Bodner-Partom model using a relatively small number of specimens. This test procedure involved performing a tensile test at a temperature of interest that involves a succession of strain-rate changes. The results for B1900+Hf indicate that material constants related to hardening and thermal recovery can be obtained on the basis of such a procedure. Strain aging, thermal recovery, and unexpected material variations, however, preluded an accurate determination of the strain-rate sensitivity parameter is this exercise. The effects of casting grain size on the constitutive behavior of B1900+Hf were studied and no particular grain size effect was observed. A systematic procedure was also developed for determining the material constants in the Bodner-Partom model. Both the new test procedure and the method for determining material constants were applied to the alternate material, Mar-M247 . Test data including tensile, creep, cyclic and nonproportional biaxial (tension/torsion) loading were collected. Good correlations were obtained between the Bodner-Partom model and experiments. A literature survey was conducted to assess the effects of thermal history on the constitutive behavior of metals. Thermal history effects are expected to be present at temperature regimes where strain aging and change of microstructure are important. Possible modifications to the Bodner-Partom model to account for these effects are outlined. The use of a unified constitutive model for hot section component analyses was demonstrated by applying the Walker model and the MARC finite-element code to a B1900+Hf airfoil problem

Around the world business process education and research has taken off, except in the USA. Why?

Today’s leading organizations are investing millions of dollars in Business Process Management (BPM) related services and software products. The BPM area is expected to be a $26B industry next year and grow by at least 12% for the foreseeable future. However, the bulk of BPM research and university-level course offerings are not in the USA. Why is there so little BPM education and research in the USA? Why are top recruiting firms for this area in the USA going to Europe or to Ops Management or Industrial Engineering? Are we laggards in the USA, or do we know something the rest of the world fails to see? These questions and the other questions and related topics will be addressed in this panel session.(undefined