ICD-9-CM codes grouped according to clinical classifications software.

<p>ICD-9-CM codes grouped according to clinical classifications software.</p

Multiple linear regression analysis of socioeconomic factors.

**<p>Significant.</p><p>A multiple linear regression analysis was performed for each procedure (column 1) and three socioeconomic factors (column 2). Individual regression coefficients are identified (column 3), along with their respective 95% confidence intervals (column 4). The goodness of model fit (column 5) is the percent of the variation explained by the model. The P value (column 6) represents the significance of each regression model as a whole, incorporating education, income, and employment as variables. This model was significant in describing the relationship of the three socioeconomic variables and the prevalence of CABG and PTCA. No causal mechanism can be identified with any regression analysis technique.</p

States with data available for analysis.

<p>States with data available for analysis.</p

Education level is strongly correlated with the prevalence of advanced coronary artery disease.

<p>Education level is strongly correlated with the prevalence of advanced coronary artery disease.</p

Income is strongly correlated with the prevelance of advanced coronary artery disease.

<p>Income is strongly correlated with the prevelance of advanced coronary artery disease.</p

Relationship between individual socioeconomic variables and the prevalence of different procedures.

**<p>Strong correlation, Pearson's correlation coefficient.</p><p>A correlation matrix was established for various procedures (column 1) and socioeconomic factors (columns 2–4). A Pearson's correlation coefficient was established for each relationship. A negative value indicates a negative correlation. Value ranges of 0–0.09, 0.1–0.3, 0.31–0.5, and 0.51–1.0 were considered to have no, small, medium, and strong correlations, respectively. CABG and PTCA had a strong negative correlation with both education and income.</p><p>Socioeconomic Factors Key.</p><p>Employment = unemployed for greater than one year.</p><p>Education = having more than a high school education.</p><p>Income = household income greater than $ 50,000 USD.</p

Unemployment for greater than one year is not associated with advanced coronary artery disease.

<p>Unemployment for greater than one year is not associated with advanced coronary artery disease.</p

In-hospital mortality and routine disposition among hospitalizations for ischemic stroke by intervention group and age (N weighted = 3,121), Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1999–2008.

<p>*Model 1: Average Marginal Prediction: percentage estimates are adjusted for survey design as well as model covariates (gender, hospital region (Northeast, Midwest, South, or West), hospital location and status (urban-teaching, urban-nonteaching, and rural), type of admission (emergency, urgent, elective), admission status (emergency room, transfer from another hospital, transfer from long term care, and routine), payer (public, private, and others), hospital bed size (small, medium, and large), congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, paralysis, other neurological disorders, chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes with chronic complications, renal failure, coagulopathy, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, acute myocardial infarction, and deep venous thrombosis.</p><p>**Model 2: Average Marginal Prediction: percentage estimates are adjusted for survey design as well as model covariates (all variables in the model 1 + length of stay (days, continuous) and total charges (US dollars, continuous).</p

Trends in intervention procedures among hospitalizations for ischemic stroke* (n = 4,248,855).

<p>Hospitalizations with ischemic stroke listed as the primary diagnosis were identified using the first listed International Classification of Disease 9^th Revision clinical modifier (ICD-9 CM) diagnostic codes 433.11, 433.31, 433.81, 433.91, 434.01, 434.11, 434.91, and 436). *Patients with the diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage (ICD-9 CM diagnostic codes 430, 431, and 432.x) and patients with the diagnosis of posterior intracranial circulation occlusion (ICD-9 CM diagnostic codes 433.01 & 433.21) were excluded. NA: estimates are not reportable due to a small sample size.</p

Numbers and prevalence of decompressive craniectomy with and without rtPA among hospitalizations for ischemic stroke^* by age (n = 4,248,955), Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1999–2008.

<p>Hospitalizations with ischemic stroke listed as the primary diagnosis were identified using the first listed International Classification of Disease 9^th Revision clinical modifier (ICD-9 CM) diagnostic codes 433.11, 433.31, 433.81, 433.91, 434.01, 434.11, 434.91, and 436).</p><p>*Patients with the diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage (ICD-9 CM diagnostic codes 430, 431, and 432.x) and patients with the diagnosis of posterior intracranial circulation occlusion (ICD-9 CM diagnostic codes 433.01 & 433.21) were excluded.</p