Analysis of stromal and epithelial markers in WT or <i>Lxrαβ−/−</i> MPECs.

<p>(A) WT and <i>Lxrαβ−/−</i> MPECs and WT MEFs were immunostained using anti-E-cadherin (E-Cad), anti-Cytokeratin8 (CK8) and anti-αTubulin (Tub) antibodies. Scale bar 100 µm. (B) mRNA relative levels of <i>Tenascin, Snail, Keratin 8</i> and <i>E-cadh</i> were measured in WT MEFs, WT (+/+) and <i>Lxrαβ−/−</i> MPECs by qPCR. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 in Student’s <i>t</i> test. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. (qPCR analysis results from 3 independant experiments and was normalized using <i>36b4</i> gene) (C) Western blot analysis was performed on WT MEFs, WT (+/+) and <i>Lxrαβ−/−</i> MPECs using CK8, Psca antibodies. βActin was used as a loading control.</p

LXRs control expression of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis and fatty acid synthesis in MPECs.

<p>(A) qPCR analysis of <i>Abca1</i>, <i>Abcg1</i> and <i>Idol</i> levels in WT (+/+) and <i>Lxrαβ−/−</i> (lxr<i>−</i>/<i>−</i>) MPECs after DMSO (vehicle) or T0901317 stimulation (B) Effect of 9-<i>cis</i> retinoic acid and/or T0901317 stimulation on <i>Abca1</i> accumulation levels in WT (+/+) and <i>Lxrαβ−/−</i> (lxr<i>−/−</i>) MPECs (C) qPCR analysis of <i>Srebp1</i>, <i>Acc</i>, and <i>Fas</i> levels in WT (+/+) and <i>Lxrαβ−/−</i> (lxr<i>−/−</i>) MPECs after DMSO (vehicle) or T0901317 stimulation. (qPCR analysis results from 4 independant experiments and was normalized using <i>36b4</i> gene). *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 in Student’s <i>t</i> test. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. (D) Western blot analysis was performed on WT (+/+) or <i>Lxr</i>αβ<i>−/−</i> MPECs using Srebp1c, Abca1 and β-Actin antibodies. (E) Oil-Red O staining (ORO) and Normarski/Dapi of WT (+/+) and <i>Lxrαβ−/−</i> MPECs, or WT MEFs, treated for 48h with DMSO (vehicle) or T0901317 (1 µM). Head arrows indicate lipid droplets. Scale bars 100 µm.</p

LXRs are necessary to warrant proper transduction pathway activities.

<p>(A) Western blot analysis was performed on WT (+/+) or <i>Lxr</i>αβ<i>−/−</i> MPECs, treated with DMSO (vehicle), T0901317 or 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol (22(R)-OHC), using antibodies against PTEN, pAKT S473, pAKT T308, AKT, pGSK3β, GSK3β, pBAD, BAD, pp42/44, p42/44 and α-Tubulin as a loading control. (B) Quantification of pAKT S473 / AKT and pp42/44 / p42/44 ratios of WT (+/+) or <i>Lxr</i>αβ<i>−/−</i> MPECs, treated with DMSO (vehicle) or T0901317 (N = 3). (C) WT (+/+) and <i>Lxrαβ−/−</i> MPECs were treated with DMSO (vehicle), T0901317 (1 µM) or IGF-1 (50 ng/ml) as a control and immunofluorescence was observed by microscopy using pAKT S473 antibody (nuclear staining is nonspecific). Scale bars 100 µm. (D) MTT assays were performed on WT (+/+) or <i>Lxr</i>αβ<i>−/−</i> MPECs, treated with DMSO (vehicle), LY-294002 (5, 10, 30 µM) or PD-98059 (10, 25, 50 µM) inhibitors. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 in Student’s <i>t</i> test <i>vs.</i> DMSO treatment, # p<0.01, µ p<0.001 in Student’s <i>t</i> test <i>vs.</i> WT (+/+) MPECs. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. N = 3. Treatment efficiency was checked by western blot using antibodies against, pAKT S473, AKT, pp42/44 and p42/44.</p

Chemical structures of the major compounds found in the analyzed essential oils.

<p>Chemical structures of the major compounds found in the analyzed essential oils.</p

Anti-radical activity of essential oils by DPPH and ABTS methods.

<p>DPPH, (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl); ABTS (2,2′-azinobis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]); Values are expressed as mean values ± standard deviation (n = 3 experiments in quadruplicate); DPPH activities is expressed as inhibitory percentage at and ABTS activities are given in mmol TE/g (10⁻³ mol Throlox equivalent/g of extract); Concentrations of the extracts Throlox of 100 µg/mL for DPPH and 1 mg/mL for ABTS used as standard; A, B, C, D: means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (p>0.05).</p

Inhibition percentage of lipoxygenase by essential oils.

<p>Values are expressed as mean values ± standard deviation (n = 3 experiments); %, percentage;</p><p>*, 8 mg/ml in the reaction medium;</p><p>**, 0.4 mg/ml;</p><p>***, 100 µg/ml in the reaction medium;</p><p>A, B, C, D: means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (p>0.05).</p

Time-dependent anti-proliferative activity of EOs after 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure.

<p>Cells were incubated at IC₅₀ of each EO. a, LNCaP cells; b, PC-3 cells; c, SF-767 cells; d, SF-763 cells. *, p<0.05 compared to 24 hrs of treatment; §, p<0.05 compared to 48 hrs of treatment. Experiments were performed 3 times in octuplets.</p

Dose-dependent anti-proliferative activity of purified compounds and their combination with essential oils after 72 hours of exposure on LNCaP and PC-3 cell lines of prostate cancer, and on SF-767 and SF-763 cell lines of glioblastoma.

<p>Experiments were performed 3 times in octuplets.</p

Chemical composition (in %) of essential oils of the seven aromatic plants tested.

<p>rt, retention time (min).</p

Dose-dependent anti-proliferative activity of EOs after 72 hours of exposure.

<p>A LNCaP cells; B) PC-3 cells; C) SF-767 cells; D) SF-763 cells. Experiments were performed 3 times in octuplets.</p