Human blood index (HBI) (% and 95% confidence interval) measured in 735 <i>An. gambiae s.l.</i> mosquitoes sampled from 2006 to 2011, according to their kdr genotype (SS: wilde type yellow box, RS: L1014 F heterozygote orange box, RR: L1014F homozygote red box, Panel A) and taxa (<i>An. arabiensis</i>, green boxes, <i>An. coluzzii</i>, light blue boxes, and <i>An. gambiae</i> molecular form S, darck blue boxes, Panel B).

<p>Rates in the total <i>Anopheles gambiae s.l.</i> population are given in brakets. Data in the table represent Odd ratio (OR) obtained with a logistic model of parity with following factors: KDR genotype, taxa and year. Likehood ratio Chi² = 113.49, p<0.001.</p

Parity rate (% and 95% confidence interval) measured in 1494 <i>An. gambiae s.l.</i> mosquitoes sampled from 2006 to 2011, according to their kdr genotype (SS: wilde type yellow box, RS: L1014 F heterozygote orange box, RR: L1014F homozygote red box, Panel A) and taxa (<i>An. arabiensis</i>, green boxes, <i>A. coluzzi</i>, light blue boxes, and <i>An. gambiae</i> form S, darck blue boxes, Panel B).

<p>Rates in the total <i>Anopheles gambiae s.l.</i> population are given in brakets. Data in the table represent Odd ratio (OR) obtained with a logistic model of parity with following factors: KDR genotype, taxa and year. Likehood ratio Chi² = 244.72, p<0.001.</p

Circumsporozoite Protein (CSP) rate (% and 95% confidence interval) measured in 1494 <i>An. gambiae s.l.</i> mosquitoes sampled from 2006 to 2011, according to their kdr genotype (SS: wilde type yellow box, RS: L1014 F heterozygote orange box, RR: L1014F homozygote red box).

<p>CSP rate in the total sampled population (n = 8,855) is given in brackets at the bottom of the figure. Data in the table represent Odd ratio (OR) obtained with a logistic model of parity with following factors: KDR genotype, taxa and year. Likehood ratio Chi² = 69.06, p<0.001.</p

An. gambiae feeding time measured in 1494 An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes sampled from 2006 to 2011, according to their kdr genotype (SS: wilde type, yellow lines and boxes, RS: L1014 F heterozygote, orange lines and boxes, RR: L1014F homozygote, red lines and box).

<p>Panel A represents hourly aggressiveness in specimens sampled each hour after the implementation of LLINs as a percentage of the number of specimen sampled during the night. Panel B boxes are 25th to 75th percentiles with median hour, lines are 1.5 interquartile and dots outside values, for specimens sampled from Jan 2006 to Jul 2008 (Before LLINs) and between August 2009 and Dec 2011 (After LLINs). Changes in median hour of aggressiveness observed in the SS specimen group after the implementation of LLINs (Mann-Whitney test p<0.0001) but not in RS specimens. Earlier aggressiveness detected in SS group in comparison to RS and RR after LLINs (Kurskal-Wallis test p<0.0001).</p

Endophageous rate (% and 95% confidence interval) measured in 1494 <i>An. gambiae s.l.</i> mosquitoes sampled from 2006 to 2011, according to their kdr genotype (SS: wilde type yellow box, RS: L1014 F heterozygote orange box, RR: L1014F homozygote red box, Panel A) and taxa (<i>An. arabiensis</i>, green boxes, <i>An. coluzzii</i>, light blue boxes, and <i>An. gambiae</i> molecular form S, darck blue boxes, Panel B).

<p>Rates in the total <i>Anopheles gambiae s.l.</i> population are given in brakets. Data in the table represent Odd ratio (OR) obtained with a logistic model of parity with following factors: KDR genotype, taxa and year. Likehood ratio Chi² = 330.68, p<0.001.</p

Relationship between <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> parasitemia and risk of fever.

a<p>Parasites/µl of blood.</p>b<p>Fisher's exact test. p values shown in bold are significantly associated with an increased risk of fever.</p><p>Dielmo, 1990–1994, 1995–2004, 2005–2010.</p

<i>P. falciparum, P. malariae</i> and <i>P. ovale</i> prevalence from 1990 to 2010 in Dielmo villagers (all age groups).

<p><i>P. falciparum, P. malariae</i> and <i>P. ovale</i> prevalence from 1990 to 2010 in Dielmo villagers (all age groups).</p

<i>P. ovale</i> prevalence by year and age group from 1990 to 2010.

<p><i>P. ovale</i> prevalence by year and age group from 1990 to 2010.</p

Mean yearly incidence density of <i>P. ovale</i> clinical attacks by age group.

<p>Dielmo, 1990–2010.</p

Trends in yearly incidence density of <i>P. ovale</i> clinical attacks. Dielmo, 1990–2010.

<p>Trends in yearly incidence density of <i>P. ovale</i> clinical attacks. Dielmo, 1990–2010.</p