Follow up characteristics of children infected with <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> assessed 6 months after treatment and stratified by treatment group.

<p>Follow up characteristics of children infected with <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> assessed 6 months after treatment and stratified by treatment group.</p

Flowchart of the study conducted in the Adzopè region of Côte d’Ivoire between November 2015 and May 2016.

<p>Flowchart of the study conducted in the Adzopè region of Côte d’Ivoire between November 2015 and May 2016.</p

Ultrasonography images of urinary bladder of SAC infected with <i>S. haematobium</i>.

<p>a) Thickening of the bladder wall, transverse plane shows thickening of the left lateral wall (arrows); b) Diffuse thickening of the bladder wall more evident in the right posterior wall, echogenic snow in the lumen; c) In oblique longitudinal plane ultrasound image shows a mass-like lesion in the mucosa layer of the bladder. Block arrow indicates the dilation of the ureter; d) longitudinal plane shows a marked and diffuse thickening of the bladder wall with a mass-like lesion (arrow); e) mass-like lesion in the absence of a marked and diffuse thickening of the bladder wall; f) multifocal thickening of the wall, particularly evident on the right and posterior wall.</p

Baseline characteristics of children infected with <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> stratified by treatment group.

<p>The study was conducted in the Adzopè region of Côte d’Ivoire in November, 2015.</p

Characterizing the Biochemical Response to <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Infection and Treatment with Praziquantel in Preschool and School Aged Children

Schistosomiasis is a widespread chronic neglected tropical disease prevalent mostly in children in under-resourced rural areas. Its pathological effects have been clinically characterized, yet the molecular-level effects are understudied. In this study, the biochemical effects of <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> infection and praziquantel treatment were studied in 130 preschool aged and 159 school aged infected children and 11 noninfected children in Azaguié, Côte d’Ivoire. Urine samples were collected prior to receiving 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg of praziquantel or a placebo, as well as 24 h post-treatment, and at the 3-week follow up. Urinary metabolic phenotypes were measured using ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and metabolic variation associated with <i>S. mansoni</i> infection and praziquantel administration was identified using multivariate statistical techniques. Discriminatory metabolic signatures were detected between heavily infected and noninfected children at baseline as well as according to the dose of praziquantel administered 24 h post treatment. These signatures were primarily associated with the metabolic activity of the gut microbiota, gut health and growth biomarkers and energy and liver metabolism. These analyses provide insights into the metabolic phenotype of schistosomiasis and treatment with praziquantel in two important demographics

Baseline characteristics of adolescents infected with <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> stratified by treatment group.

<p>The study was carried out in the villages of Moronou in central Côte d’Ivoire, between May and June 2015.</p

Effect of moxidectin, Synriam, Synriam plus praziquantel and praziquantel against <i>S</i>. <i>mansoni</i> and malaria co-infections.

<p>The study was carried out in the villages of Bigouin and Biakalé in western Côte d’Ivoire, between May and June 2015.</p

Number of adolescents with clinical symptoms observed prior to treatment and adverse events in the <i>S</i>. <i>mansoni</i> study among the four different treatment arms, assessed at different time points.

<p>The study was carried out in the villages of Moronou, Bigouin and Biakalé in central Côte d’Ivoire, between May and June 2015.</p

Effect of moxidectin, Synriam, Synriam plus praziquantel and praziquantel against <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> and malaria co-infections.

<p>The study was carried out in the village of Moronou in central Côte d’Ivoire, between May and June 2015.</p

Study flow in the <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> study.

<p>Study flow in the <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> study.</p