Additional file 3: Figure S3. of Impact of socioeconomic inequalities on geographic disparities in cancer incidence: comparison of methods for spatial disease mapping

Clusters of colon-rectum cancer cases found by BYM models: (a) Mapping of the log relative risks estimated by the BYM model using hierarchical Bayesian spatial modeling without adjustment on the Townsend index, (b) Mapping of the log relative risks estimated by the BYM model using hierarchical Bayesian spatial modeling with adjustment on the Townsend index, (c) Mapping of the log relative risks estimated by the M-based BYM model using hierarchical Bayesian spatial modeling with fixed effects, (d) Mapping of the log relative risks estimated by the M-based BYM model using hierarchical Bayesian spatial modeling with random effects. (PDF 206 kb

Clinical and clinico-biological score for the diagnosis of CHIK.

<p>These scores were based on patients who reported fever and arthralgia for less than 48 hours. * MCP+: arthralgia on at least one metacarpophalangeal joint. * W+: arthralgia on at least one wrist. We propose a clinical score based exclusively on clinical data (W+, MCP+ and Myalgia absent or minor) and a clinico-biological score that further includes lymphopenia (<1G/L). The result of the score represents the predicted probability to have chikungunya (see calculation of scores in the main text).</p

Values of <i>f(s)</i> and <i>g(s)</i> for simulation <i>s = 1: 1000</i>.

<p>The simulations displayed before the vertical plain line lead to null rejection (<i>p</i>—<i>value</i> < 0.05). They are sorted by increasing number of FP SUs. The dotted line represent the last simulation resulting in a detected cluster without FP SUs. The functions <i>f</i>(<i>s</i>) and <i>g</i>(<i>s</i>) represent respectively the computation of <i>TC_a</i> and <i>TC_c</i> over the <i>m</i>′ simulations. (a) simulated cluster with the maximum value of <i>TC_a</i>—<i>TC_c</i> and (b) simulated cluster with the minimum value of <i>TC_a</i>—<i>TC_c</i>.</p

Study of the vertical transmission of <i>Rickettsia conorii conorii</i> in naturally infected <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> ticks.

<p>PCR, polymerase chain reaction. TS, transstadial transmission (transfer of bacteria from stage to stage). TOT, transovarial transmission, the proportion of infected females giving rise to at least one positive egg or larva. FIR, the filial infection rate, the proportion of infected eggs or larvae obtained from an infected female. M: male. F: female.</p

The effect of temperature on <i>R. conorii conorii</i>-infected and non-infected engorged <i>Rhipicephalus sanguine</i> nymphs.

<p>The effect of temperature on <i>R. conorii conorii</i>-infected and non-infected engorged <i>Rhipicephalus sanguine</i> nymphs.</p

<i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> ticks during blood feeding on rabbits.

<p><i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> infected with <i>Rickettsia conorii conorii</i> during blood feeding on a New Zealand white rabbit, feces circled (left). Inflammation around a bite site of a female <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> infected with <i>R. conorii conorii</i> during feeding (right).</p

Intra-host genetic diversity analysis of CHIKV populations deciphered from 10 sera of CHIKV+ve patients.

<p>The percentage of variable nucleotide (nt) sites was calculated as the number of variable nt sites ×100 divided by the number of nt analysed (758 nt).</p><p>The percentage of nucleotide (nt) mutations was calculated as the number of nt mutations ×100 divided by the number of nt sequenced for each serum sample.</p><p>The average pairwise distance was calculated among the nucleotide (p nt) and amino acid (p aa) sequences from each serum.</p><p>The mean ratios of non-synonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) substitutions per site were estimated using the pairwise method of Nei and Gojobori.</p><p>Sex: Male: male; F: female.</p><p>NA: not available.</p

Size of the at-risk population for each SU in the Auvergne region, as defined by mean number of live births per year between 1999 and 2006 (source: INSEE).

<p><i>Q</i>1:≤ 17; <i>Q</i>2:> 17 and ≤ 35; <i>Q</i>3:> 35 and ≤ 70; <i>Q</i>4:> 70.</p

The effect of temperature on <i>R. conorii conorii</i>-infected and non-infected <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> adults.

<p>The effect of temperature on <i>R. conorii conorii</i>-infected and non-infected <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> adults.</p

<i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> salivary glands and detection of <i>Rickettsia conorii conorii</i>.

<p>Salivary glands of a Rhipicephalus sanguineus infected with <i>Rickettsia conorii conorii</i> (left). Gimenez staining: smears of infected <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus salivary</i> glands (right).</p