Growth and Trade Horizons for Asia: Long Term Forecasts for Regional Integration

Economic emergence of the People?s Republic of China (PRC) and India has fundamentally altered the economic landscape of Asia and its relation to the global economy. Using the new dynamic global model, we present forecasts for Asian expansion over 2025. These baseline growth forecasts elucidate shifting patterns of regional specialization and their consequences for growth and structural change in the Asian economies. The central role of trade is examined through analysis of a variety of hypothetical global and regional trade agreements. Our results indicate that trade within the Asian region is far from reaching its potential, and policies that facilitate integration and more efficient regional trade can accelerate growth, especially for lower-income Asia. A deeper and more inclusive Asian free trade area can achieve for its members large benefits. As an emerging growth bridge between the PRC and India, ASEAN economies have the most to gain from Asian economic integration.globalization, integration, Asia

Contingency-Constrained Unit Commitment with Post-Contingency Corrective Recourse

We consider the problem of minimizing costs in the generation unit commitment problem, a cornerstone in electric power system operations, while enforcing an N-k-e reliability criterion. This reliability criterion is a generalization of the well-known $N$-$k$ criterion, and dictates that at least $(1-e_ j)$ fraction of the total system demand must be met following the failures of $k$ or fewer system components. We refer to this problem as the Contingency-Constrained Unit Commitment problem, or CCUC. We present a mixed-integer programming formulation of the CCUC that accounts for both transmission and generation element failures. We propose novel cutting plane algorithms that avoid the need to explicitly consider an exponential number of contingencies. Computational studies are performed on several IEEE test systems and a simplified model of the Western US interconnection network, which demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed methods relative to current state-of-the-art

Contingency-Constrained Unit Commitment With Intervening Time for System Adjustments

The N-1-1 contingency criterion considers the con- secutive loss of two components in a power system, with intervening time for system adjustments. In this paper, we consider the problem of optimizing generation unit commitment (UC) while ensuring N-1-1 security. Due to the coupling of time periods associated with consecutive component losses, the resulting problem is a very large-scale mixed-integer linear optimization model. For efficient solution, we introduce a novel branch-and-cut algorithm using a temporally decomposed bilevel separation oracle. The model and algorithm are assessed using multiple IEEE test systems, and a comprehensive analysis is performed to compare system performances across different contingency criteria. Computational results demonstrate the value of considering intervening time for system adjustments in terms of total cost and system robustness.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Non Parametric Instrumental Regression

The focus of the paper is the nonparametric estimation of an instrumental regression function ϕ defined by conditional moment restrictions stemming from a structural econometric model: E [Y − ϕ (Z) | W] = 0, and involving endogenous variables Y and Z and instruments W . The function ϕ is the solution of an ill-posed inverse problem and we propose an estimation procedure based on Tikhonov regularization. The paper analyses identification and overidentification of this model and presents asymptotic properties of the estimated nonparametric instrumental regression function.

Thermal and electronic transport characteristics of highly stretchable graphene kirigami

For centuries, cutting and folding the papers with special patterns have been used to build beautiful, flexible and complex three-dimensional structures. Inspired by the old idea of kirigami (paper cutting), and the outstanding properties of graphene, recently graphene kirigami structures were fabricated to enhance the stretchability of graphene. However, the possibility of further tuning the electronic and thermal transport along the 2D kirigami structures have remained original to investigate. We therefore performed extensive atomistic simulations to explore the electronic, heat and load transfer along various graphene kirigami structures. The mechanical response and thermal transport were explored using classical molecular dynamics simulations. We then used a real-space Kubo-Greenwood formalism to investigate the charge transport characteristics in graphene kirigami. Our results reveal that graphene kirigami structures present highly anisotropic thermal and electrical transport. Interestingly, we show the possibility of tuning the thermal conductivity of graphene by four orders of magnitude. Moreover, we discuss the engineering of kirigami patterns to further enhance their stretchability by more than 10 times as compared with pristine graphene. Our study not only provides a general understanding concerning the engineering of electronic, thermal and mechanical response of graphene but more importantly can be useful to guide future studies with respect to the synthesis of other 2D material kirigami structures, to reach highly flexible and stretchable nanostructures with finely tunable electronic and thermal properties.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figures, 1 supplementary figur

Mass-concentration relation of clusters of galaxies from CFHTLenS

Based on weak lensing data from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS), in this paper we study the mass-concentration ($M$-$c$) relation for $\sim 200$ redMaPPer clusters in the fields. We extract the $M$-$c$ relation by measuring the density profiles of individual clusters instead of using stacked weak lensing signals. By performing Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that although the signal-to-noise ratio for each individual cluster is low, the unbiased $M$-$c$ relation can still be reliably derived from a large sample of clusters by carefully taking into account the impacts of shape noise, cluster center offset, dilution effect from member or foreground galaxies, and the projection effect. Our results show that within error bars the derived $M$-$c$ relation for redMaPPer clusters is in agreement with simulation predictions. There is a weak deviation in that the halo concentrations calibrated by Monte Carlo simulations are somewhat higher than that predicted from ${\it Planck}$ cosmology.Comment: Accepted for Publication in ApJ. 18 pages, 8 figures. Updated to match the published versio

Doubly resonant second-harmonic generation of a vortex beam from a bound state in the continuum

Second harmonic generation in nonlinear materials can be greatly enhanced by realizing doubly-resonant cavities with high quality factors. However, fulfilling such doubly resonant condition in photonic crystal (PhC) cavities is a long-standing challenge, because of the difficulty in engineering photonic bandgaps around both frequencies. Here, by implementing a second-harmonic bound state in the continuum (BIC) and confining it with a heterostructure design, we show the first doubly-resonant PhC slab cavity with $2.4\times10^{-2}$ W$^{-1}$ conversion efficiency under continuous wave excitation. We also report the confirmation of highly normal-direction concentrated far-field emission pattern with radial polarization at the second harmonic frequency. These results represent a solid verification of previous theoretical predictions and a cornerstone achievement, not only for nonlinear frequency conversion but also for vortex beam generation and prospective nonclassical sources of radiation.Comment: revtex4-2, 7 pages, 5 figures, conference CLE