Imputed Rents and Living Standard Inequalities

In studies of inequalities, economic theory recommends imputing to owner-occupiers the notional rent that they could earn from their housing if they rented it and imputing to low rental public housing tenants the implicit subsidy represented by the rent differential between the public housing sector and the private sector. In practice, these two approaches do not reveal the same degree of legitimacy and need. Imputing notional rents to owners significantly alters the hierarchy of standards of living: poverty would be slightly overestimated if this were disregarded. Imputing an implicit subsidy to public housing tenants is even more debatable in that low rental public housing and private rented housing do not provide the same services and are not designed for the same households. Such an exercise does highlight the handicap that low-income households have as regards housing and also the relative inability of the subsidised housing sector to resolve this problem.Imputed Rents, Living Standards, Inequalities, Tenure

El hábitat popular en Francia: elementos de reflexión con miradas hacia el Perú

El lugar del hábitat popular en la ciudad sostenible es el eje central de la entrevista que se le realizó a Jean-Claude Driant, quien estudió el caso de Lima hace treinta años y es actualmente especialista del tema de la vivienda en Francia. Esta conversación, generada con motivo del Foro Urbano Nacional «¿Ciudades populares, ciudades sostenibles? El hábitat popular en debate» organizado en septiembre de 2016 en Lima, propone abordar diferentes aspectos de los barrios populares, y en particular de las políticas públicas de las que son objeto. Se partió de la hipótesis que la confrontación de realidades distintas permite hacer emerger ideas originales o, por lo menos, renovar las formas de ver y de formular el problema. La «mixidad» social, la participación o la sostenibilidad son algunos de los temas abordados, desde la experiencia francesa, con la realidad peruana en la mira.La place de l’habitat populaire dans la ville durable est la question centrale discutée dans cette interview de Jean-Claude Driant, qui a étudié le cas de Lima il y a trente ans et est actuellement spécialiste du logement en France. Cette discussion, générée à l’occasion du Forum urbain national «¿Ciudades populares, ciudades sostenibles? El hábitat popular en debate», organisé en septembre 2016 à Lima, propose d’aborder différents aspects des quartiers populaires, et en particulier les politiques publiques dont ils font l’objet. Elle part de l’hypothèse que la confrontation de réalités différentes permet de faire émerger des idées originales, ou pour le moins, de rénover la façon de voir et de formuler le problème. La mixité sociale, la participation ou la durabilité son quelques-uns des thèmes abordés, depuis l’expérience française, avec la réalité péruvienne en ligne de mire.The place of the popular habitat within the sustainable city is the central question discussed in this interview of Jean-Claude Driant, a specialist in the housing questions in France, who worked on the case of Lima 30 years ago. This discussion, begun on the occasion of the national urban fórum entitled “Ciudades populares, ciudades sostenibles? El habitat popular en debate” in September, 2016 in Lima, suggests an approach to different aspects of popular neighborhoods, and its associated public policies. It assumes that the confrontation of different realities will yield original ideas, or at least, renew the ways of addressing and formulating the problem. “Social mixity”, participation andsustainability are some of the issues tackled, from the French standpoint, while putting the Peruvian reality in perspective

Computer-aided screening of autism spectrum disorder: Eye-tracking study using data visualization and deep learning

Background: The early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly desirable but remains a challenging task, which requires a set of cognitive tests and hours of clinical examinations. In addition, variations of such symptoms exist, which can make the identification of ASD even more difficult. Although diagnosis tests are largely developed by experts, they are still subject to human bias. In this respect, computer-assisted technologies can play a key role in supporting the screening process. Objective: This paper follows on the path of using eye tracking as an integrated part of screening assessment in ASD based on the characteristic elements of the eye gaze. This study adds to the mounting efforts in using eye tracking technology to support the process of ASD screening Methods: The proposed approach basically aims to integrate eye tracking with visualization and machine learning. A group of 59 school-aged participants took part in the study. The participants were invited to watch a set of age-appropriate photographs and videos related to social cognition. Initially, eye-tracking scanpaths were transformed into a visual representation as a set of images. Subsequently, a convolutional neural network was trained to perform the image classification task. Results: The experimental results demonstrated that the visual representation could simplify the diagnostic task and also attained high accuracy. Specifically, the convolutional neural network model could achieve a promising classification accuracy. This largely suggests that visualizations could successfully encode the information of gaze motion and its underlying dynamics. Further, we explored possible correlations between the autism severity and the dynamics of eye movement based on the maximal information coefficient. The findings primarily show that the combination of eye tracking, visualization, and machine learning have strong potential in developing an objective tool to assist in the screening of ASD. Conclusions: Broadly speaking, the approach we propose could be transferable to screening for other disorders, particularly neurodevelopmental disorders

The Ongoing Transformation of Social Housing Finance in France ; Towards a Self-financing System ?

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Les réformes du logement sous l'ère Macron: économies budgétaires ou changement de modèle ?

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Les politiques du logement en France

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Crise du logement ? Quelle crise ?

National audienc

70 000 logements par an : un objectif ir/réaliste ?

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Densification et consolidation dans les barriadas de Lima : un nouveau cycle (le cas du “Cône Sud”)

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est de montrer ce que sont devenues les barriadas créées dans les années soixante, dans le “Cône Sud” de Lima, d’essayer de décrire les conditions de vie actuelles des habitants et de détecter les principales tendances de leur évolution. Il s’agit d’étudier le processus de consolidation des logements à travers les facteurs qui influent sur son rythme et son intensité. Il s’agit également de connaître les nouveaux habitants adultes, ceux de la seconde génération, fils des fondateurs, qui arrivent à l’âge de fonder une famille et donc de relancer la demande de logement.Resumen Este artículo expone los principales resultados de una investigación hecha con Gustavo Riofrío (sociólogo) a lo largo del año 1984. El objetivo es buscar lo que ha pasado con las barriadas creadas en los años sesenta en el Cono Sur de Lima, tratar de describir las actuales condiciones de vida de los pobladores y detectar las mayores tendencias de su evolución. Se trata de estudiar el proceso de consolidación de las viviendas a través de los factores que influyen sobre su ritmo y su intensidad. Se trata también de conocer los nuevos pobladores adultos, hijos de los fundadores, quienes llegan a la edad de tener una familia propia y entonces una vivienda.Driant Jean-Claude. Densification et consolidation dans les barriadas de Lima : un nouveau cycle (le cas du “Cône Sud”). In: Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Études Andines, tome 14, N°3-4, 1985. pp. 1-17

Vers une France de propriétaires ?

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