[Value of enzymuria during antibacterial therapy].

International audienceEnzymuria is a well known parameter of evaluation of drugs nephrotoxicity, particularly of antibiotics. Alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and N-acetyl-bêta-D-glucosaminidase activities were measured in native urine. This study included 19 patients treated by an association of netilmicin-vancomycin. Enzymuria was measured on 24 hours urines at J0 then every two days during treatment. Enzymuria increased 24 or 48 hours after the beginning of the treatment. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of the results of enzymuria, seric urea and creatininemia shows the presence of two groups of responses. The first principal component exhibits two populations: the patients with pathological seric urea and pathological seric creatinine and the others. The PCA does not allow this discrimination using only the results of enzymuria; in contrast, with these results, the patients may be classified by the PCA on the basis of treatment duration. The enzymuria allows the clear identification of nephrotoxic drugs but does not allow the prediction of renal injury or of its aggravation

Fitness and competitive growth advantage of new gentamicin-susceptible MRSA clones spreading in French hospitals

International audienc

La latence bactérienne (modélisation et hypothèses biologiques)

Les microbiologistes utilisent classiquement deux paramètres pour caractériser la croissance bactérienne : le temps de latence ([lambda] ) et le taux de croissance maximum ([mu] max). Dans de nombreux domaines, il est essentiel de pouvoir estimer précisément ces paramètres. Des difficultés d'estimation de ([lambda)] ? ont été mises en évidence notamment du fait du manque de connaissance biologique sur le phénomène de la latence. La méthodologie proposée au cours de ce travail et le développement du logiciel Rfit, ont permis d'analyser les propriétés mathématiques et statistiques des modèles de croissance. Les performances de ces modèles sont inégales et la nature des jeux de données influence grandement la qualité des estimations de ([lambda)]. Par ailleurs, l'hypothèse du rôle central des ribosomes et des opérons ARNr dans la latence bactérienne a été explorée. Les résultats montrent qu'il existe une importante corrélation entre la cinétique d'accumulation des ribosomes et la durée de la phase de latence.LYON1-BU.Sciences (692662101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Mise au point d'un nouveau milieu pour la détermination des CMI de M. Tuberculosis aux antituberculeux de première ligne (Pyrazinamide exclu) (travail effectué dans le Laboratoire de bactériologie du Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud sous la dir. du Pr. J.P. Flandrois)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

[Expert systems and antibiotic sensitivity test].

International audienceArtificial intelligence is a part of computer science that deals with programs mimicking intelligence of man. Artificial intelligence is now used to check the quality of the determination of antibiotics susceptibility of bacteria. This application is useful because antibiotic susceptibility is subject to biological and technical variation that have to be detected. Three types of reasoning are used either by the biologist or by expert systems: low level quality checking dealing with individual results, microbiological interpretation of the whole set of results and medical interpretation of the results. The use of artificial intelligence in these fields is sustained by the structured nature of the knowledge. Two type of expert systems are already of routine use, either based on production rules (ATB plus EXPERT, bioMerieux, La Balme-les-Grottes, France and SIR, 12A, Montpellier, France), or on object-oriented representation of the knowledge (EXPRIM from our laboratory). The main problem is, as usually in artificial intelligence applications, to transfer human expertise into an adapted knowledge base. The advantage of experts systems over man are their reproducibility of answer and their availability