Fixed effects from mixed effects models estimating the longitudinal course of post FEV1 during 10 years between SHAPTB group and normal group.

<p>Fixed effects from mixed effects models estimating the longitudinal course of post FEV1 during 10 years between SHAPTB group and normal group.</p

Longitudinal Lung Function Decrease in Subjects with Spontaneous Healed Pulmonary Tuberculosis

<div><p>Objective</p><p>We compared the longitudinal course of post-bronchodilator Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (pFEV1) over a 10-year period in subjects with spontaneous healed pulmonary tuberculosis (SHPTB) with that in normal subjects.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We prospectively investigated 339 subjects with SHPTB and 3211 normal subjects. pFEV1 values measured biannually over 10 years were analyzed using mixed effects model.</p><p>Results</p><p>At baseline, there were no differences in gender, smoking amount, and mean height, except mean age (50.0 ± 8.1 VS. 48.1 ± 7.3, <i>P</i>< 0.001) between the SHPTB and normal group. 52% of the 339 participants with SHPTB and 56% of the 3211 normal participants participated till the end of study. According to the final model, the SHPTB group showed significantly larger decrease in the average pFEV1 over the time than the normal group (P< 0.001) adjusted for gender, age, height, smoking pack years, and time effects. Especially, the interaction effect between time and group was statistically significant (P = 0.036).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The average lung function in terms of pFEV1 decreases faster in subjects with SHPTB than in normal individuals over time.</p></div

Participants flowchart for ten years of follow up.

<p>FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second; yr = year; FU = follow-up.</p

Characteristics of the participants with SHPTB and comparison normal subjects at baseline.

<p>Characteristics of the participants with SHPTB and comparison normal subjects at baseline.</p

Longitudinal course of post FEV1 from mixed effects model for 10 years in the normal and SHPTB groups.

<p>Nl = normal group; SHPTB = spontaneous healed pulmonary tuberculosis group.</p

Scheme of TB outbreak in a single high school in Korea.

<p>Each symbol in column represents one student and placed at the point at which the student was diagnosed as active TB.<b>●</b> = Active TB cases with positive AFB culture; <b>○</b> = Clinical TB cases with negative AFB culture; ▲ = Active TB cases with positive AFB culture and smear developed during follow-up among contacts who were TST+/QFT-; <b>Δ</b> = Clinical TB cases with negative AFB culture developed during follow-up among contacts who were TST+/QFT-; TB = tuberculosis; AFB = acid fast bacilli; TST = tuberculin skin test; QFT = QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test.</p

RFLP results of 15 active TB cases with positive AFB culture.

<p>The banding patterns of 15 outbreak strain isolates are completely same. RFLP = restriction fragment length polymorphism; TB = tuberculosis; AFB = acid fast bacilli.</p

Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for prediction of TB cases using different cut-off points of TST induration size.

<p>(A) For all contacts, the overall accuracy was higher with the criteria of TST ≥10 mm than with that of TST ≥15 mm to predict TB cases. (B) But, for the contacts with TST+/QFT- results, the overall accuracy was the most highest with the criteria of TST ≥15 mm. TST = tuberculin skin test; AUC = Area under the curve.</p

The results of QFT tests among the TST+ reactors based on TST cut-off value.

<p>The results of QFT tests among the TST+ reactors based on TST cut-off value.</p

Clinical characteristics of TB contacts.

<p>Clinical characteristics of TB contacts.</p