Rekonseptualisasi Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hasil Pemilihan Umum Di Indonesia

Elections are the means to implement sovereignty of the people in order to elect members of the House of Representatives, Regional Representatives Council, Local Legislative Council, the President and Vice President. Election are also meaningful for selecting the leader of the nation and the state (public officials) and as community control over board membership, President and Vice President to come. Election results are manifestation of popular sovereignty, which can lead to a dispute between organizer and election participants either political parties or individuals. The result of which can be challenged legally by election participant. The participant can also request the cancellation of the election result to the agency given with the authority to decide. Conceptually, the right institution to decide on election dispute is a special ad hoc election court. Constitutionally, dispute resolution of election result is intended to protect citizens\u27 constitutional rights

Pengelolaan Barang Milik Daerah Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pengelolaan Barang Milik Negara/Daerah

  Indonesia is the Unitary State. It is understood that within a unitary state, the central government operates a high state sovereignty. In order not to be arbitrary, the activities of the central government are supervised and limited by the constitution. The government which is divided from the Central Government to the Regional Government included Regional Autonomy therein, as well as the authority of the Regional Government,  is on duty to manage the Regional Property. In carrying out its authority as an administrator of local property, there are still many abuses or omissions committed by the local government in operating its authority in managing regional property, such as the negligence of the Regional Assets, the misuse of authority in the revocation of rights already granted by the regional government on the right to use of local property, using local property for personal interest. In the management of regional property required planning, implementation, and supervision by the local government in accordance with applicable laws and regulations in the constitution. Keywords: Authority, Local Government, Management of Regional Propert

Rekonseptualisasi Seleksi Hakim Konstitusi sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Hakim Konstitusi yang Berkualifikasi

. Integrity, good character, justice, and expert statesman of the constitution as the indicators to appoint Constitutional Judge should be taken into account by the Supreme Court, the House, and the President in the selection process. The cases of corruption named Akil Mochtar and Patrialis Akbar as the convicted and the suspected persons respectively should be regarded as an appropriate opportunity to evaluate law relating to the Constitutional Judges selection process in which it is not clearly defined in the Constitutional Court Act. To date, the law relating to selection is given to respective institutions where the Supreme Court takes the selection internally with no transparency, the House only requires to write and present article, and—in some cases—the President prefers to appoint with no adequate criteria. The article uses doctrinal research in addressing the case related to the current regulation on constitutional judge selection. It concludes that the Supreme Court, the House, and the President ignore the principles of transparency, participatory, objectivity, and accountability in the selection, including the possibility of resulting unqualified judge. The selection needs reconceptualization comprising the establishment of expert panel, unaffiliated candidate to a political party, and re-concept of selection mechanism. Keywords: Reconceptualization, Selection, Constitutional Judg

Konsep Sistem Hukum Investasi dalam Menjamin Adanya Kepastian Hukum

Problem investasi di Indonesia salah satunya adalah persoalan kepastian hukum. Problem itu muncul baik karena terjadinya disharmonisasi Perundang-undangan yang terkait maupun persoalan sinkronisasi. Padahal persoalan kepastian hukum merupakan hal yang diharapkan oleh setiap investor, hal tersebut karena investasi berkaitan dengan keuntungan yang diharapkan dimasa datang. Oleh karenanya perlu adanya penataan dari sisi peraturan Perundang-undangan, maupun pelayanan. Penataan pelayanan perlu juga dibarengi dengan penataan sistem hukumnya. Oleh karenanya konsep sistem hukum investasi harus mencakup penataan hukum investasi dan undang-undang yang berkaitan, seperti persoalan hukum perburuhan, hukum perizinan yang mendorong adanya kepastian dan perlindungan bagi kelangsungan investasi. Kata Kunci: Hukum Investasi; Kepastian Hukum; Hukum Perizinan   &nbsp

Biochemistry and molecular biology of exocellular fungal β-(1,3)- and β-(1,6)-glucanases

Many fungi produce exocellular β-glucan-degrading enzymes, the β-glucanases including the noncellulolytic β-(1,3)- and β-(1,6)-glucanases, degrading β-(1,3)- and β-(1,6)-glucans. An ability to purify several exocellular β-glucanases attacking the same linkage type from a single fungus is common, although unlike the β-1,3-glucanases, production of multiple β-1,6-glucanases is quite rare in fungi. Reasons for this multiplicity remain unclear and the multiple forms may not be genetically different but arise by posttranslational glycosylation or proteolytic degradation of the single enzyme. How their synthesis is regulated, and whether each form is regulated differentially also needs clarifying. Their industrial potential will only be realized when the genes encoding them are cloned and expressed in large quantities. This review considers what is known in molecular terms about their multiplicity of occurrence, regulation of synthesis and phylogenetic diversity. It discusses how this information assists in understanding their functions in the fungi producing them. It deals largely with exocellular β-glucanases which here refers to those recoverable after the cells are removed, since those associated with fungal cell walls have been reviewed recently by Adams (2004) . It also updates the earlier review by Pitson et al. (1993)