Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid and rifampicin in patients with chronic renal failure

The single dose pharmacokinetics of Isoniazid (7.5 mg/kg) and Rifampicin (12 mg/kg) were examined in 18 patients with mild or moderate renal failure and 17 patients with severe renal failure. The findings were compared with those in 16 healthy subjects. The renal excretion of Isoniazid and Acetyl Isoniazid and that of Rifampicin and Desacetyl Rifampicin was significantly less in patients with renal failure than in healthy subjects. The decrease was greater in patients with severe renal failure than in those with mild or moderate failure. The exposure (AUC) and half-life of Isoniazid calculated on the basis of plasm concentrations were significantly higher in slow acetylators in both groups of patients than in healthy subjects. The differences between the two groups of patients were, however, not significant. The plasma Isoniazid concentrations among rapid acetylators and the Rifampicin concentrations were similar in the three groups of subjects, leading to similar exposure and half-life values. These findings suggest that while it is not necessary to reduce the dosage of Isonizaid or that of Rifampicin in rapid acetylators, it is necessary to reduce Isoniazid dose in slow acetylators with renal failure

Potential application of RAPD and RAHM markers in genome analysis of scombroid fishes

Total genomic DNA from 30 different specimens of Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier) and 5 king seer Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepede) was extracted by a simple modified phenolchloroform protocol. PCR amplification conditions using 10-mer arbitrary primers were optimized. Primers with the same nucleotide sequences produced varying Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns and those with different sequences generated different banding patterns for the same template in the two commercially important scombroid fishes

Appraisal of marine fish landings in Maharashtra - 2016

The estimated total landings of marine fishery resources of Maharashtra in the year 2016 was 292354 tonnes (t) which was 10.4 % higher than the landings in the previous year for the state. The domination of mechanised sector has been bolstered by an additional landing to the tune of 11% compared to 2015. The outboard sector's contribution increased by 45% while the inboard sector contributed only one-third of what it did in 2015. The non mechanised sector too witnessed a drop to the tune of 32% as compared to 2015

Biochemical & histochemical changes relating to fibrosis following, infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the guineapig

Guineapigs infected with M. tuberculosis were studied for pammeters relating to fibrosis following infection. The infected animals were followed up to a period of 44 wk and the changes that occurred in the lung, liver and spleen were studied. Corresponding tissues from animals injected with bleomycin, an anti-mitotic drug which has the ability to produce pulmonary fibrosis, served as positive controls. Tissue collagen, elastin and hexosamines were estimated biochemically. The presence of granuloma and stainable collagen in paraffin sections of these tissues was also studied. Establishment of the infection was assessed bacteriologically by culturing the viable organisms from the spleen. It was observed that a self-limiting infection was established in the guineapigs and none of the animals died of the infection. In the infected animals, collagen, elastin and hexosamines showed an initial decrease followed by an increase. While the elastin and the hexosamine levels returned to the basal levels in all the three organs, collagen levels increased in the lung and were comparable to those of the bleomycin control. Collagen stainable by Van Gieson’s method was found to be increased in the lung from the 4th wk onwards. The present report indicates the potential of adopting this system for studying mechanisms of fibrogenesis in tuberculous infection

Changes in the pigment constituents of Gracilaria edulis (Gmelin) Silva cultured in open sea off Narakkal by reproductive method

Red alga Gracilaria edulis was cultured by reproductive method in floating rafts in the sea off Narakkal, Kochi. Pigment constituents such as Chlorophyll-a, Phycocyanin, Phycoerythrin and Allophycocyanin of the seaweed were estimated and correlated with growth and environmental parameters such as atmospheric temperature, salinity and rainfall during the culture period. On 60th day after transplantation all pigment contents were found to be very high coinciding with heavy rainfall. Growth and pigment contents also showed changes at different depths of water colum

Analytical Method Validation for Content of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen in Paracetamol – 500 Mg and Ibuprofen – 200 Mg Capsules by HPLC

Pharmaceutical analysis involves separating, identifying and determining the relative amount of the components in a sample of matter. Qualitative analysis reveals the chemical identity of the species in the sample. Quantitative analysis establishes the relative amount of one or more of these species or analytes in numerical terms. The results obtained during Analytical method validation as per USP and ICH guideline Q2 (R1) shows that the assay method for the estimation of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen content in “Paracetamol-500 mg and Ibuprofen-200 mg Capsules” by HPLC method is suitable, linear, precise, accurate, specific and robust. Hence this method can be considered validated and can be used for regular analysis

Novel Selective Mapping with Oppositional Hosted Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm for PAPR Reduction in 5G UFMC Systems

In recent times, there is a continuous requirement of achieving high data rates owing to an increase in the number of devices and significant demand for various services with maximum reliability and minimum delay. It results in the development of fifth generation (5G) to offer better services with enhanced data rate. Recently, a major alternative to OFDM technology for 5G networks called universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) is presented where every individual sub-band is filtered that reduces the OOB radiation and eliminates guard band. But high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a crucial issue which arises from the utilization of several subcarriers to generate the time domain transmission signal. For resolving this issue, this paper presents a novel selective mapping with oppositional hosted cuckoo optimization (SM-OHOCO) algorithm for PAPR reduction in 5G UFMC systems. In the SM-OHOCO algorithm, rather than the generation of several random phase sequences, SM-OHOCO algorithm is performed iteratively to attain a better solution with few searching rounds, showing the novelty of the work. As the optimization of phase sequence in the SLM technique is considered as an NP hard optimization problem, the OHOCO algorithm is applied, which is derived by incorporating the concepts of the HOCO algorithm with oppositional based learning (OBL) strategy. To validate the effective performance of the proposed SM-OHOCO algorithm, an extensive experimental analysis is performed to highlight the improved performance in 5G networks. The resultant values pointed out the superior outcome of the proposed SM-OHOCO algorithm over the other existing methods in terms of distinct measure

Marine fish landings in Gujarat during 2016 - An overview

The district-wise fish production of Gujarat for the year 2016 showed that the Gir-Somnath ranked first (3.42 lakh t), followed by Porbandar (1.13 lakh t), Amreli (0.91 lakh t), Dev Bhoomi Dwaraka (0.85 lakh t), Junagadh (0.72 lakh t), Kutch (0.35 lakh t), Valsad (0.25 lakh t), Navsari (0.08 lakh t), Jamnagar (0.03 lakh t), Morbi (261 t) and Baruch (181 t). The Gir-Somnath district with major fish landings centers like Veraval, Sutrapada, Nawabander, Muldwaaka and Dhamlej contributes significantly to the total marine fish landings in the state. Jaffrabad a major dolnet fish landing center in Amreli district, contributes important fishery resources like nonpenaeid and penaeid prawns, bombayduck, ribbonfish and catfish

A note on observations on cetaceans in the western Indian sector of the Southern Ocean (20-56°S and 45-57°30’E), January to March 2004

A multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional pilot expedition was organised by the National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research (NCAOR) to the ice-free areas of the Western Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean onboard ORV Sagar Kanya during the austral summer of 2004 (January-March). This survey, conducted by the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), is the first Indian attempt to survey for cetacean diversity in the Southern Ocean. The ultimate objective is to determine distribution, relative abundance, migration patterns and critical habitat parameters. 68% of a total of 13 sightings (22 individuals) were positively identified and species observed included Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis), fin whales (B. physalus), sei whales (B. borealis) and blue whales (B. musculus). The blue whales were not identified to the sub-species level. The highest concentration of cetaceans was between 35° and 37°S (along 45°E) and between 48° and 53°S (along 45°E). Relatively small numbers of cetaceans were observed during the present cruise, possibly because most of the cetacean sighting effort was made during inclement sea conditions. Results on the sighting characteristics and occurrence patterns of the cetaceans in relation to the region and hydrographical parameters are discussed briefly vis a vis published information from the Southern Ocean

Biochemical constituents of Gracilaria edulis cultured from spores

Gracilaria edulis was cultivated in west coast of India off Narakkal by reproductive method using the carpospores. The culture period was from November to March with regular sampling of growing plants for the estimation of biochemical constituents, quantitative and qualitative estimation of agar. The biochemical constituents like protein and carbohydrate content increased corresponding to the age of the plant whereas the lipid content declined. Harvesting of the crop can be determined from the qualitative and the quantitative estimation of agar along with other biochemical constituents. It was found out that crop harvested after 121 days of culture period had better quality of agar and also high protein conten