Congenital Epulis in a Newborn: A Case Report, Immunoprofiling and Review of Literature

Background: Congenital epulis is a rare lesion of the newborn, presenting as mass in the oral cavity which can interfere with respiration and feeding. It should be distinguished from other lesions which can occur in newborns, both clinically and histopathologically.Case details: Here, we report a case of congenital epulis in a newborn female on the right alveolar ridge, along with an extensive review of literature and discuss the immunoprofiling.Conclusion: Early diagnosis of CE in a newborn is of paramount importance in the successful management of these rare cases.Keywords: congenital epulis, congenital granular cell lesion, Neumann’s tumo

Evaluation of Primary Immunization Coverage of Infants Under Universal Immunization Programme in an Urban Area of Bangalore City Using Cluster Sampling and Lot Quality Assurance Sampling Techniques

<b>Research Question:</b> Is LQAS technique better than cluster sampling technique in terms of resources to evaluate the immunization coverage in an urban area? <b> Objective:</b> To assess and compare the lot quality assurance sampling against cluster sampling in the evaluation of primary immunization coverage. <b> Study Design:</b> Population-based cross-sectional study. <b> Study Setting:</b> Areas under Mathikere Urban Health Center. <b> Study Subjects:</b> Children aged 12 months to 23 months. <b> Sample Size:</b> 220 in cluster sampling, 76 in lot quality assurance sampling. <b> Statistical Analysis:</b> Percentages and Proportions, Chi square Test. <b> Results:</b> (1) Using cluster sampling, the percentage of completely immunized, partially immunized and unimmunized children were 84.09&#x0025;, 14.09&#x0025; and 1.82&#x0025;, respectively. With lot quality assurance sampling, it was 92.11&#x0025;, 6.58&#x0025; and 1.31&#x0025;, respectively. (2) Immunization coverage levels as evaluated by cluster sampling technique were not statistically different from the coverage value as obtained by lot quality assurance sampling techniques. Considering the time and resources required, it was found that lot quality assurance sampling is a better technique in evaluating the primary immunization coverage in urban area

Demographics of Surgical Specialty Residency Program Directors in the United States: A Cross-sectional Analysis

Objective:. To evaluate program director (PD) demographics, training background, and academic productivity in 11 surgical specialties. Summary Background Data:. There is currently no comprehensive study comparing educational background, research output, and gender differences between PDs of surgical residencies in the United States. Methods:. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) websites were used to identify residency PDs. Age, information related to service as PD, educational background, and research output were collected utilizing online searches including Doximity, PubMed, and Scopus. The ACGME Data Resource Book was used to obtain data on the gender makeup of residents in each surgical specialty. Data collection occurred between December 14, 2019, and May 9, 2020. Results:. One thousand five hundred seventy-one residency PDs across 11 surgical specialties were included. Significant differences between specialties were found with respect to PD gender, current age, age at appointment, years between residency and assignment, term duration, number of PubMed publications, and Scopus h-index. The current age (mean ± SD) ranged from 46.8 ± 8.5 years among Interventional Radiology (IR) PDs to 53.4 ± 9.1 years among Neurological Surgery (NEUROSURG) PDs. The proportion of female PDs ranged from 5.9% in NEUROSURG to 63.5% in Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB-GYN). Completion of a postresidency fellowship was least common for OB-GYN PDs at 9.1% and most common for IR PDs at 98.8%. The number (mean ± SD) of PubMed publications and Scopus h-index ranged from 13.1 ± 22.3 publications and h index 4.5 ± 5.7 among OB-GYN PDs to 112.5 ± 103.0 publications and h index 27.4 ± 16.7 among Thoracic Surgery PDs. Age and academic productivity as measured by PubMed publications and Scopus h-index were significantly lower among female PDs in multiple surgical specialties. Conclusions:. There were significant variations in the PDs of surgical specialties, particularly with respect to gender and academic productivity. Efforts should be made to support and encourage greater female representation in the role of surgical residency PD