Determinants of uptake of post-partum intra-uterine contraceptive device among women delivering in a tertiary hospital, Odisha, India

Background: IUCDs are used by only two percent of the contraceptive users in India. There is a need for identifying the factors which influence the uptake of PPIUCD, so as to plan ways for increasing its usage. To determine the uptake and factors influencing the uptake of PPIUCD among the women delivering in a tertiary care hospital of OdishaMethods: This was a case control study conducted at the Obstetrics Department of M.K.C.G Medical College, Berhampur. All those who had agreed for and had undergone PPIUCD insertion were included in cases and those who did not undergo PPIUCD insertion were pooled into controls.Results: 94 cases and 188 controls were recruited. Significantly higher proportions of cases belonged to nuclear families, had one or more male child, did not want any future pregnancies, had heard about it prior to pregnancy and also had received counselling for the same during the antenatal period. The adjusted odds of uptake of PPIUCD in women having at least one male child is 10 (4.3-22.6) times that of mothers with no male children. The most common reasons told by controls for not taking up PPIUCD was disapproval from family members (42.6%), followed by fear of complication (33%) and preference for other methods of contraception (20.2%).Conclusions: In present study, we found that counselling in the antenatal period was a key point in increasing acceptance of post-partum IUCD. Desire for male child also influenced uptake of postpartum IUCD

Social and biological evaluation of antimicrobial resistance (SOBEAR) in rural India: a study protocol

BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been one of the biggest global health threats in recent years, mostly in low- and middle-income countries, which requires urgent research using a multidisciplinary research approach. The use of large quantities of antimicrobial drugs inappropriately for humans, poultry and agriculture has been recognized as a leading cause of antibiotic resistance and the predominance of drug-resistance pathogens in the environment. This protocol aims to describe the use/misuse of antibiotics (ABs) in the community and evaluate clinical samples from healthcare settings to detect genes associated with antimicrobial resistance.MethodsWe will conduct a community-level survey in different villages of the Tigiria block to assess knowledge and awareness on ABs and AMR. We will conduct in-depth interviews (IDIs) with doctors, pharmacists, nurses and drug sellers, as well as focus group discussions (FGDs) with ASHA and ANM workers who are involved in antibiotic supplies to the community. Quantitative data from the community survey and qualitative data of IDIs and FGDs will be linked and analyzed using statistical modeling and iterative thematic content analysis. Specimens (stool, urine, blood and wound/pus) will be collected from clinically diagnosed patients of different healthcare centers of Tigiria block. The samples will be cultured for bacterial isolation and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Genomic DNA will be isolated from positive bacterial cultures and sequenced using PCR to evaluate high-threat multi-drug resistance organisms (MDROs), screening of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, antimicrobial genes responsible for MDR and quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs).ConclusionThis is the community-based protocol to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, awareness and practices regarding ABs and AMR. The study protocol establishes a foundation for evaluating population-based prevalence and risk factors for AMR and MDROs in rural areas of the Odisha state, India

Prevalence of internet addiction, internet usage patterns and associated factors: A cross sectional study among students of a medical college in Odisha

Background: With the universality of internet, the problems with its overuse and abuse have been increasing in recent times. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among all the students on rolls of MKCG medical college, Berhampur using the young's internet addiction test for assessment of internet addiction. Results: Mobile phones were the primary source of internet in 73.9% subjects. Average online time was 3.59 hours per day. Prevalence of mild or moderate internet addiction was 26.3% with no significant difference between males and females. Significant positive correlation was found between the BMI of the subjects and duration of internet use in the last 24 hours. The mean amount of money spent by the students to purchase internet connection per month is Rs.290.30. There was significant negative linear correlation between the estimated daily time spent on the internet (μ=3.59, SD=3.51) and time spent on studies (μ=4.38, SD=2.5) (r = -0.107, p=0.016); and time of continuous night sleep (μ=7.07, SD=1.39) (r= -0.237, p<0.01). The most frequent cause for internet access overall was social networking followed by educational uses. Average duration of internet usage in a typical day, internet usage in the past 24 hours, the amount of money spent per month on internet services, and duration since internet use commenced showed significant positive correlation as predictors of internet addiction (Adjusted R2=0.089, p<0.01). Conclusion: The findings of this study imply that internet addiction is a rising public health problem with multiple contributing factor

Predictors of over-the-counter medication: A cross-sectional Indian study

Context: The determinants of over-the-counter (OTC) medication need to be understood to design adequate drug information policies. Aim: To determine the prevalence and predictors of OTC medication among the adult population of Berhampur town in Odisha, India. Settings and Design: It was a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study carried out in the private retail pharmacy on a convenience sample of 880 adults over a period of 6 months at Berhampur, Odisha, India. Materials and Methods: Medication use behavior was explored using a data collection form that had three parts. The first part captured data on the sociodemographic characteristics of drug consumers. The second and third part collected data on drug history and attitude toward the available health-care facility, respectively. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics was used to represent the prevalence of OTC medication. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to determine the predictors of OTC medication. Results: The overall prevalence of OTC medication use was 18.72% (95% CI: 15.34–47.16%). Younger age, male gender, lower income, and poor lifestyle were the predictors of OTC medication. Perception of poor accessibility to health care, the presence of chronic diseases and having a symptom count of more than two significantly increased the likelihood of OTC medication (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Sociodemographic profile, drug history, and attitude toward health-care availability in the locality can predict OTC medication behavior. Interventions aimed at changing the perceptions of the public regarding accessibility, affordability of the health care is likely to influence OTC medication behavior and make it safer

Facilitators and barriers for bicycle helmet use: protocol for qualitative evidence synthesis

A protocol with the aims to synthesize qualitative evidence on the enablers and barriers for bicycle helmet use. As far as we understand, this is the first qualitative evidence synthesis on the topic and will provide important insights to inform policy, practice, research and legislation around it

Health research in the state of Odisha, India: a 10-year bibliometric analysis (2011-2021)

Background: Bibliometric analyses are an important tool for evaluating health research outputs in terms of their distribution, trends, actors, focus, and funding sources. The transition from Millennium to sustainable development goals have led to a gradual shift in health policy and possibly the research priorities of low-income settings in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states, lagging in socio-economic and health parameters, also ranking low on innovations and research. This study was aimed to describe the recent trends, quantity, type, focus and sources of health-related research in the EAG state of Odisha, India. Materials and Methods: Peer reviewed published original research articles which were related to human health, published between 1st Jan 2011 and 31st Dec 2020 and where the study population were residents of Odisha, or study site was in Odisha, exclusively or partially were analyzed. Publication characteristics were tabulated, including title, journal name, open access, date of publication, number of authors, designation of the authors, number of institutes involved, name of institute of first author. Details of study setting, study site, ethical clearance, funding source were also collected. Results: The study identified 2285 articles from database searches and included 666 articles after screening for the bibliometric analysis. Most of the manuscripts had between 3-6 authors (43.5%). Two institutes from the state, ICMR-RMRC and KIIT, together contributed to over 22.4% of the published manuscripts as lead authors. Nearly 45.9% studies were community based while 45.3% were hospital based. While most of the published work was on infectious diseases, the proportion came down with time between 2011 and 2020. An overwhelming majority of studies were observational in nature and less than 10% were experimental in design. Conclusions: The analysis shows a substantial increase in the number of publications in this decade. Priority setting of health care problems, increased funding and capacity building can give a much-necessitated impetus to more quality and evidence-based research for aiding policy implementation and improvement of overall health of Odisha

Seasonal variations in respiratory morbidity in primary care and its correlation with the quality of air in urban Odisha, India.

Poor air quality, especially in urban regions among low-and middle-income countries such as India poses a significant healthcare challenge. Amongst urban areas, metropolitan cities garner the utmost importance for air quality related policies and studies with limited studies from tier II cities which are thought to be relatively immune to air pollution. Hence, we aimed to identify the most frequent respiratory morbidities and explore its correlation with exposure to ambient PM2.5 particles in Bhubaneswar (a tier II city in coastal India), Odisha. A chart review was carried out through data extracted from the records of urban health centres. Data on PM2.5 concentrations were obtained from Odisha State Pollution Control Board. The morbidities were coded by using the International Classification of Primary Care‑2 system (ICPC-2). Descriptive statistics such as incidence of respiratory illnesses was computed across seasons. The ecological correlation between respiratory morbidity patterns and corresponding concentration of PM2.5 in air was analysed for each season. A positive correlation (r = o.94) between PM2.5 and respiratory morbidities was observed. The incidence of respiratory morbidities was 183.31 per 1000 person year. We identified 21 out of 43 respiratory diseases classified under ICPC-2. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection was the most commonly (116.8 per 1000 person year) incident condition. We observed one-fourth increase in the incidence of respiratory illnesses during winters. Respiratory morbidities are common in urban Bhubaneswar which follows a seasonal pattern and are possibly linked with the seasonal variations in levels of PM2.5 particles. Our study highlights that tier II cities are equally prone to health effects of air pollution. Future programmes and policies should take these cities into consideration too

Reach, accessibility and acceptance of different forms as communication channels for health promotion: a community-based analysis in Odisha, India

Introduction: To achieve universal health coverage, improving demand generation at community is necessary. Media plays an important role by acting as a linking pin between service providers and the community. This study is planned to assess the penetration of various media types in the state of Odisha. Methods: This cross-sectional mixed method study was undertaken in the state of Odisha, India. Following a desk review, a situational analysis through multi stakeholder perspective was carried out at the state, district and sub-district level. Both qualitative and quantitative technique was used for data collection through direct observation of study sites using checklist, interview with the help of a semi structured questionnaire, FGDs and IDIs. Results: The major source for information related to identification and prevention of disease was television (63.6%) followed by health wall (36.6%), newspaper (21.6%), health facility/service providers (17.7%), radio (9.2%) , other media like posters, pamphlets and folk dance (5.5%). Information on treatment or management of the diseases was received mostly from television (61.2%), poster/leaflets (39.2%), health wall (35.2%) and newspaper (19.7%). Only 8% of people have received any health related message in mobile in past one year.&nbsp; Boards and hoarding provided information to only 16.5% of the study population. Heath wall was seen in almost all villages of four districts. These walls contain information on various health topics. Nearly 36% respondent get health related information from the health wall. For immunization related information interpersonal communication through grassroot health workers was found to be more effective and preferred. Conclusion: Interpersonal communication is believed to be most acceptable source of information on maternal and child health, immunization and neonatal care. For people with low literacy, health wall campaign, folk media and interpersonal communication was found to be effective. &nbsp; &nbsp