Gemcitabine inhibits MuLV replication in cell culture in the absence of toxicity.

<p><b>1A</b>. Infectivity of MuLV. MuLV containing GFP were produced from 293T cells and used to infect U373-MAGI-CXCR4_CEM cells that were treated with the indicated concentrations of gemcitabine. The data represents the average ± SD of three independent experiments. <b>1B</b>. Toxicity of gemcitabine in U373-MAGI-CXCR4_CEM cells treated with the indicated concentrations of gemcitabine. The data represents the average ± SD of three independent experiments.</p

Serum IgM levels from mice infected with LP-BM5 MuLV.

<p>Each symbol (circles, squares and triangles) represent one animal. Treatment groups labeled with different letters are not statistically different from one another while treatment groups labeled with different letters are statistically different as determined by One-Way ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer post-test p<0.05. n = 4 for both the untreated groups, n = 7 for animals treated with 1 mg/kg/day, and n = 5 for animals treated with 2 mg/kg/day gemcitabine.</p

Change in body weights of mice infected with LP-BM5 MuLV and treated with the indicated doses of gemcitabine.

<p>Each symbol (triangles, squares, circles, diamonds, and hatch marks) represent one mouse. The average ± SD is shown for each treatment group.</p

Provirus levels in mice infected with LP-BM5 MuLV.

<p>Genomic DNA was extracted from mouse spleen and quantitative real time PCR was performed to detect the defective MAIDS provirus. Provirus levels were normalized to the 18S rRNA gene. Each symbol (squares, circles, and triangles) represents one animal. The Pfaffel modification of the ΔΔCt method was used to assess gene expression. Statistical significance was assessed by One-Way ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer post-test with p<0.05 designated as significant.</p

Histopathological analysis of lymph nodes from gemcitabine-treated animals infected with LP-BM5 MuLV^*.

<p>*Sections of lymph nodes were analyzed as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0015840#s4" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. NSF =  no significant findings; N/A  =  not applicable because tissues were not collected. ND  =  lymph nodes from these animals were not detected. Scores of 3  =  high degree of pathology; score of 2  =  intermediate degree of pathology; score of 1  =  low degree of pathology. Each box corresponds to a different animal.</p

Ratio of spleen weights to body from mice infected with LP-BM5 MuLV.

<p>Each symbol (circles, squares, and triangles) represents one mouse. The average ± SD is shown. Treatment groups labeled with the same letter (eg. the 1 and 2 mg/kg/day groups are both labeled with “b”) are not statistically different from one another whereas treatment groups labeled with different letters (eg. “a” from one group and “b” for another group) are statistically different from one another as determined by One-Way ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer post-test p<0.05. n = 4 for the untreated groups, n = 7 for the mice treated with 1 mg/kg/day and n = 3 for mice treated with 2 mg/kg/day.</p

Treatment groups for ex vivo analysis of gemcitabine^*.

<p>*Treatment Groups, number of animals at the start of the study and the number of animals surviving at the end of the study.</p

Histopathological analysis of spleen from gemcitabine-treated animals infected with LP-BM5.^*

<p>*Sections of spleen were analyzed as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0015840#s4" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. NSF =  no significant findings; R =  reactive, Ab = Abnormal composition; D =  depleted white pulp. NC  =  tissue was not collected. Score of 3  =  high pathology; score of 2  =  intermediate pathology; score of 1  =  low degree of pathology. Each box corresponds to a different animal.</p