Demographic and clinical features of the sample.

a<p>HC vs. PD-NC;</p>b<p>PD-NC vs PD-MCI;</p>c<p>PD-MCI vs. PDD. PD-NC: Parkinson’s disease with normal cognition; PD-MCI: PD with mild cognitive impairment; PDD: PD with dementia; MDRS: Mattis Dementia Rating Scale; PD-CRS: Parkinson’s Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale; UPDRS: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; LEDD: levodopa equivalent daily dose.</p

Bivariate correlations between neuropsychological performance and cortical thickness changes.

<p>Bivariate correlations between neuropsychological performance and cortical thickness changes.</p

Anatomical location of areas of decreased and increased cortical thickness among controls and Parkinson’s disease patients according to cognitive status.

<p>PD: Parkinson’s disease; PD-NC: PD with normal cognition; PD-MCI: PD with mild cognitive impairment; PDD: PD with dementia; HC: healthy controls; R: right; L: left. Num. of vertices: Number of vertices. The coordinates x, y and z refer to the anatomical location, indicating standard stereotactic space as defined by Talairach and Tournoux. In this table, the reported voxels are p uncorrected <0.01 or <0.001 as indicated.</p

Cortical areas with significant cortical thickness changes between cognitive groups (p<0.01).

<p>Red areas show areas of decreased cortical thickness, and blue areas regions with increased cortical thickness. 1A: Left hemisphere; 1B: Right Hemisphere.</p

DTI maps show reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) (A) and increased radial diffusivity (RD) (B) in patients with falls compared to those without falls, including Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES) as a covariate.

<p>Results are shown with a Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement method at p<0.05 corrected. Rows show selected coronal, sagital and axial maxima coordenate slices on a MNI152 brain template image (MNI coordinates). Red voxels have significantly decreased FA values (A), and brown-lightbrown voxels have significantly increased RD values (B). FWE = Family Wise Error; SLF = superior longitudinal fasciculus; CST = corticospinal tract; ILF = inferior longitudinal fasciculus; IFO = inferior frontal-occipital; CC = corpus callosum; CG = cingulate gyrus.</p

DTI maps show negative fractional anisotropy (FA) (A), and positive mean diffusivity (MD) (B) and radial diffusivity (RD) (C) correlations with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) Errors in all cirrhotic patients.

<p>Results are shown with a Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement method at p<0.05 corrected. Rows show selected coronal, sagital and axial maxima coordenate slices on a MNI152 brain template image (MNI coordinates). Red-yellow voxels are negatively correlated FA values (A), blue-lightblue voxels are positively correlated MD values (B) and brown-lightbrown are positively correlated RD values (C) with WCST Errors scores. FWE = Family Wise Error; SLF = superior longitudinal fasciculus; CST = corticospinal tract; ILF = inferior longitudinal fasciculus; IFO = inferior frontal-occipital; CC = corpus callosum; CG = cingulate gyrus; UF = uncinate fasciculus; HC = hippocampus.</p

Neuropsychological tests in patients with falls and patients without falls.

<p>^a Mini-Mental State Examination.</p><p>^b Parkinson’s Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale.</p><p>^c PHES: Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score.</p><p>^d WCST: Wisconsin Sorting Card Test.</p><p>Higher values indicate better results in all tests except for Number Connection Test A and B, Line Tracing Test, Serial Dotting Test and WCST Errors.</p><p>Neuropsychological tests in patients with falls and patients without falls.</p

Cerebral MRI findings visually assessed in cirrhotic patients with falls and in those without falls.

<p>Cerebral MRI findings visually assessed in cirrhotic patients with falls and in those without falls.</p

DTI maps show reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) (A) and increased mean diffusivity (MD) (B) and radial diffusivity (RD) (C) in patients with falls compared to those without falls.

<p>Results are shown with a Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement method at p<0.05 corrected. Rows show results of selected coronal, sagital and axial coordenate slices on a MNI152 brain template image (MNI coordinates). Green voxels represent the FMRIB58 white matter skeleton mask. Red voxels have significantly decreased FA values (A), blue voxels imply significantly increased MD (B) and lightbrown voxels represent increased RD values (C). FWE = Family Wise Error; SLF = superior longitudinal fasciculus; CST = corticospinal tract; ILF = inferior longitudinal fasciculus; IFO = inferior frontal-occipital; CC = corpus callosum; CG = cingulate gyrus.</p

Neuromuscular evaluation of patients with falls and patients without falls.

<p>^a MRC: Medical Research Council.</p><p>^b ICARS: International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale.</p><p>^c UPDRS-III: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-part III.</p><p>Neuromuscular evaluation of patients with falls and patients without falls.</p