Oxygen-hydrogen fuel cell with an iodine-iodide cathode - A concept

Fuel cell uses a porous cathode through which is fed a solution of iodine in aqueous iodide solution, the anode is a hydrogen electrode. No activation polarization appears on the cathode because of the high exchange-current density of the iodine-iodide electrode

Direct and crossed effects of somatosensory electrical stimulation on motor learning and neuronal plasticity in humans

Purpose Sensory input can modify voluntary motor function. We examined whether somatosensory electrical stimulation (SES) added to motor practice (MP) could augment motor learning, interlimb transfer, and whether physiological changes in neuronal excitability underlie these changes. Methods Participants (18-30 years, n = 31) received MP, SES, MP + SES, or a control intervention. Visuomotor practice included 300 trials for 25 min with the right-dominant wrist and SES consisted of weak electrical stimulation of the radial and median nerves above the elbow. Single-and double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) metrics were measured in the intervention and nonintervention extensor carpi radialis. Results There was 27 % motor learning and 9 % (both p <0.001) interlimb transfer in all groups but SES added to MP did not augment learning and transfer. Corticospinal excitability increased after MP and SES when measured at rest but it increased after MP and decreased after SES when measured during contraction. No changes occurred in intra-cortical inhibition and facilitation. MP did not affect the TMS metrics in the transfer hand. In contrast, corticospinal excitability strongly increased after SES with MP + SES showing sharply opposite of these effects. Conclusion Motor practice and SES each can produce motor learning and interlimb transfer and are likely to be mediated by different mechanisms. The results provide insight into the physiological mechanisms underlying the effects of MP and SES on motor learning and cortical plasticity and show that these mechanisms are likely to be different for the trained and stimulated motor cortex and the non-trained and non-stimulated motor cortex

The electrochemical production of cobaltic sulfate

In the electrochem. prepn. of cobaltic sulfate the reaction is best done in 40 wt % H2SO4 in the presence of Ag ions as the catalyst, using PbO2 as the anode, with a low c.d. and a low conversion. [on SciFinder (R)

The oxidation of o-nitrotoluene to o-nitrobenzaldehyde with electrogenerated cobaltic sulfate

Indirect electrochem. oxidn. of o-nitrotoluene to o-nitrobenzaldehyde by Co(III) was studied. The highest aldehyde yield (.apprx.80%) is obtained in dispersing a 70-fold excess of o-nitrotoluene in a soln. of Co2(SO4)3 in 60% H2SO4 at 12 Deg. The influence of acid concn. excess of nitrotoluene and presence of a catalyst are discussed and found to be compatible with a mechanism proposed by C. E. Bawn (1951). [on SciFinder (R)

Preparation of 1-nitroanthraquinone

High purity 1-nitroanthraquinone was prepd. in aq. HF, taking advantage of the high soly. of its main impurity, 2-nitroanthraquinone, in the medium. [on SciFinder (R)

Nachwuchsförderung und Talentselektion im Schweizer Fussball

Nachwuchsförderung und Talentselektion werden in der Schweiz als zentrale Komponente der Spitzensportförderung angesehen. In Zusammenarbeit des Bundesamts für Sport mit der Eidgenössischen Hochschule Magglingen ist es dem Schweizerischen Fußballverband gelungen, mit PISTE ein Talentselektionsinstrument in allen Altersstufen anzuwenden. Wir präsentieren einen „breiten“ interdisziplinären Ansatz am Beispiel der Nachwuchsförderung und Talentselektion im Fußball

Simulation of hydrodynamics and inhibitor consumption in hydrometallurgical plants

Mathematical models are presented for the consumption of the inhibitors of electrocrystallization in hydrometallurgical plants involved with the copper electrorefining and zinc electrowinning. Continuously-stirred tank reactors (CSTR) and plug flow reactors (PFR) in which first order chemical and electrochemical reactions take place are used in these models. The time dependent behaviours of the industrial plants are predicted. Tests with metallic tracers show the validity of the models. Possible uses in electrocrystallization studies are described. © 1990 Chapman and Hall Ltd.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Somatosensory Electrical Stimulation Does Not Augment Motor Skill Acquisition and Intermanual Transfer in Healthy Young Adults-A Pilot Study

Sensory input can modify motor function and magnify interlimb transfer. We examined the effects of low-intensity somatosensory electrical stimulation (SES) on motor practice-induced skill acquisition and intermanual transfer. Participants practiced a visuomotor skill for 25 min and received SES to the practice or the transfer arm. Responses to single- and double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation were measured in both extensor carpi radialis. SES did not further increase skill acquisition (motor practice with right hand [RMP]: 30.8% and motor practice with right hand + somatosensory electrical stimulation to the right arm [RMP + RSES]: 27.8%) and intermanual transfer (RMP: 13.6% and RMP + RSES: 9.8%) when delivered to the left arm (motor practice with right hand + somatosensory electrical stimulation to the left arm [RMP + LSES]: 44.8% and 18.6%, respectively). Furthermore, transcranial magnetic stimulation measures revealed no changes in either hand. Future studies should systematically manipulate SES parameters to better understand the mechanisms of how SES affords motor learning benefits documented but not studied in patients