Combination of Dental Capping Agents With LowLevel Laser Therapy Increases the Cell Viability Percent of Stem Cells From Apical Papilla (SCAPs)

Introduction: Stem cells from apical papillae (SCAPs) are adult stem cells capable of differentiating into multiple cell lineages. Dental pulp capping materials promote the differentiation of stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAPs). Higher proliferation and cell viability of stem cells have been reported upon exposure to low-level laser therapy (LLLT). However, there is limited evidence on the combinational effects of dental pulp capping materials and low-level laser radiation. In this study, the effects of dental dressing materials combined with laser on the SCAPs viability will assess. Methods: SCAPs isolation was performed from two immature third molar teeth through collagenase type I enzymatic activity. Isolated stem cells were then cultured with DMEM and α-MEM media enriched with 15% and 10% FBS, respectively. After reaching 70-80% confluency, cells were seeded in a 96-well plate. Cell viability percent was assessed using MTT assay after treatment by MTA, EMD, CEM, and LLLT alone and in combination for 24, 48, and 168 h. Results: A combination of MTA, CEM, EMD, and LLLT could result in significantly increased SCAPs viability as compared with other treatment groups. Increased levels of SCAPs proliferation and viability were observed in groups treated with the combination of MTA and CEM with EMD. SCAPs viability percent in all defined times was reduced with MTA and CEM treatment. Conclusion: LLLT is a stimulator of SCAPs cell viability percent and differentiation rate when applied with dental capping agents such as MTA, EMD, and CEM, which is a therapeutic option for stem cell-based therapy

Overcoming Cisplatin’s Challenges: A Promising Future in Cancer Care; A Comprehensive Review

Background: Cisplatin’s common use as an anti-neoplastic drug poses significant challenges due to its adverse effects, including renal disorders, neuropathies, hearing impairment, and gastrointestinal issues.Methods: A comprehensive search was done across major bibliographic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus on cisplatin’s application in various cancer treatments. A manual examination of article reference lists was conducted, collecting data from 1990 to October 2023 for up-to-date research analysis.Results: Cisplatin primarily acts by binding to DNA in the cell nucleus and disrupting DNA transcription and replication, leading to cytotoxicity and malignant cell destruction. Mechanisms of resistance included altered drug absorption, increased efflux and detoxification, modified targets, and increased DNA repair. Interactions with matrix proteins, pH changes, and food affect cisplatin effectiveness. Cisplatin-induced DNA damage mainly forms DNA adducts, causing intra- and inter-strand cross-links. Despite its therapeutic benefits, inevitable adverse effects, like nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, gastrointestinal diseases, hepatotoxicity, cardiovascular issues, and neuropathy exist. Strategies to mitigate these include hydration therapy, thiol-containing agents, antioxidants, and modulators. Combination therapy enhances cisplatin efficacy.Conclusion: Cisplatin is a potent anticancer tool marked by challenges from adverse effects and emerging resistance. Ongoing research focuses on combined therapeutic approaches and supports interventions to enhance efficacy and reduce adverse effects, fostering optimism for better cancer treatments

Investigation the effect of Scrophularia striata hydroalcoholic Extract On Cell Death and Migration in Cervical Cancer Cell Line

Background: With the growing interest in plant-derived chemotherapeutic agents, there has been a significant rise in research exploring a broad range of plants in recent years. Scrophularia striata has gained attention due to its extensive medical applications. This study aimed to investigate the effect of S. striata extract on HeLa cervical cancer cells, specifically their migration, apoptosis, and necrosis. Methods: We first cultured HeLa cells in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. We then examined the cytotoxicity of S. striata extract at varying concentrations (0, 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) using the MTT assay after 24 hours. We evaluated the extent of wound healing using a scratch assay and analyzed the apoptosis activity of the extract using flow cytometry. Results: Our results showed that S. striata extract (IC50: 433.8 μg/mL) significantly enhances wound healing (P≤0.01) in cervical cancer and promotes apoptosis and necrosis of HeLa cells.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that S. striata may serve as an effective treatment for cervical cancer by inducing cell death and reducing migration

Assessing Radiosensitivity: Effects of Acute Ionizing Radiation on Inflammation and Apoptosis in Macrophage Cell Line (RAW 264.7): Effect of radiation on inflammation and apoptosis

Introduction: The responses of biological systems to various types of radiation have multifaceted dimensions. In the field of ionizing radiation, in vitro external gamma radiation therapy has primarily been studied as a model to elucidate the challenges that biological systems face from radiation effects. Exposure of cells/organisms to gamma radiation results in a cascade of ionization events that can cause severe and irreversible biological damage. However, the biological responses and oxidative stress-related mechanisms under acute radiation conditions remain poorly understood in inflammatory systems. The present study aimed to provide a model of the effect of ionizing radiation on macrophages, which play a pivotal role in the mechanisms of inflammation, to assess the impact of radiotherapy as an approach to treating inflammatory diseases.Methods: A macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) was cultured and exposed to different doses of gamma radiation (4, 6, 8, 10 Gy). Cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, expression of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic genes, and cytokine secretion of macrophages were also evaluated.Results: The results showed that gamma radiation at 4 Gy had a low effect on macrophage characteristics and cytokine secretion patterns. In contrast, higher doses (8 and 10 Gy) increased DNA damage, expression of apoptotic genes, and secretion of NO and PGE2 cytokines. 6 Gy radiation, the maximum radiation dose, showed moderate non-destructive effects and inflammation process modulation. In this study, doses higher than 6 Gy of Gamma radiation caused cell mortality.Conclusion: It appears that 6 Gy of gamma radiation modulates the inflammatory cascade caused by macrophage cells

Evaluation of Biological Activity of Different Wavelengths of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Cancer Prostate Cell Line Compared With Cisplatin: Low-Level Laser Therapy and Cancer Prostate Cell Line

Introduction: Cancer is one of the most important problems in the world. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been emerged as a new approach, having both stimulation and inhibition effects on cellular function. The goal of this study was to analyze and compare the different concentrations of cisplatin and wavelengths of laser therapy on the LnCap cell lines.Methods: LnCap cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of cisplatin (0.1, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 2 µg/mL for 24 hours) and wavelengths of laser therapy (610, 630, and 810 nm) (0.45J/cm2) separately. The viability of cells was examined by MTT assay and IC50 was also calculated. Furthermore, a combination of cisplatin IC50 (24 hours) and different wavelengths of the laser was examined.Results: The results of this study showed that 2 µg/mL of cisplatin has the most significant reduction effect on the cell viability of the LnCap cell line. Cisplatin decreased the viability of cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, IC50 of cisplatin was 1.24 µg/mL. On the other hand, LLLT with wavelengths of 610, 630, and 810 nm did not show notable biological effects on cell viability.Conclusion: As known, cisplatin has the capability to reduce the viability of LnCap cell lines. However, LLLT cannot be a remarkable option for the treatment of prostate cancer. Therefore, although laser therapy showed praiseful therapeutic activity against some cancer cell lines, in this study the results indicated that defined laser wavelengths had no inhibitory effects against the prostate cancer cell line. DOI:10.34172/jlms.2021.1

Investigation into the Effect of Photodynamic Therapy and Cisplatin on the Cervical Cancer Cell Line (A2780): Photodynamic Therapy and Cisplatin on A2780

Introduction: Cervical cancer is recognized as one of the major causes of mortality among elderly women. Although there are several different therapeutic worldwide guidelines, many researchers have focused on screening new methodologies and technologies to elevate the efficiency of cervical cancer treatment. The simultaneous use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) along with chemotherapy as cisplatin has achieved good aims in the treatment of cervical cancer.Methods: A2780 cells were treated with cisplatin, photodynamic progress (laser with methylene blue as a photosensitizer compound) and a combination of cisplatin and PDT. The lithic effect of the laser, methylene blue and their combination and the IC50 value of cisplatin were calculated for each group. The amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) as membrane lipid peroxidation product and released lactate dehydrogenase was measured in the medium. The toxicity of each agent was evaluated by the MTT technique.Results: The results show that a combination of PDT and chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin caused a twofold decrease in viable cervical cancer cells compared to each therapeutic progress. The combination of both laser therapy and cisplatin enhanced cancer cell membrane disruption by increased membrane lipid peroxidation and apoptotic enzyme activation by the elevation of lactate dehydrogenase activity.Conclusion: The results indicated that cisplatin combined with PDT had a greater therapeutic effect on A2780 as a cervical cancer cell line. Therefore, PDT in combination with chemotherapy enhances the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents by the disruption of the cancer cell membrane and switching the apoptosis progress with less adverse effects

Static magnetic field reduces cisplatin resistance via increasing apoptosis pathways and genotoxicity in cancer cell lines

Abstract Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug widely used in cancer treatment. Alongside its clinical benefits, however, it may inflict intolerable toxicity and other adverse effects on healthy tissues. Due to the limitation of administering a high dose of cisplatin as well as cancer drug resistance, it is necessary to utilize new methods optimizing treatment modalities through both higher therapeutic efficacy and reduced administered doses of radiation and drugs. In this study, sensitive (A2780) and resistant (A2780CP) ovarian carcinoma cells underwent treatment with cisplatin + static magnetic field (SMF). First, the levels of genotoxicity after treatment were evaluated by Comet assay. Then, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assay were conducted by a flow cytometer. Lastly, the expression levels of genes involved in apoptosis and cellular drug uptake were investigated by PCR. After treating different groups of cells for 24, 48, and 96 h, the co-treatment of SMF and cisplatin as a combination managed to increase the amount of DNA damage in both sensitive and resistant cell lines. A considerable increase in mortality of cells was also observed mostly in the form of apoptosis, which was caused by inhibition of the cell cycle. The combination also increased the expression levels of apoptotic genes, namely P53 and P21; however, it did not have much effect on the expression levels of BCL2. Besides, the levels of CTR1 gene expression increased significantly in the groups receiving the aforementioned combination. Our study suggests that the combination of cisplatin + SMF might have clinical potential which needs further investigations through future studies