Exploring the Leadership of General Pervez Musharraf of Pakistan

This paper is a study of the leadership style and qualities of General Pervez Musharraf, President of Pakistan who took power on October 12,1999. The research is a historical study using data from archives, autobiography, government reports, mass media, and my own expertise as a native Pakistani. While the central theme is to analyze General Musharraf\u27s leadership style, the four questions guiding this work are: 1) What are the demonstrated characteristics of General Pervez Musharraf\u27s leadership? 2) can General Musharraf be described as an authentic leader? 3) What is General Pervez Musharraf\u27s role in the global war on terror? 4) What are the challenges to his leadership? The event of September 11, 2001 in New York, and subsequent terrorist bombings in London, Jakarta, Madrid and many places across the globe including Pakistan, have catapulted Musharraf on to the global scene. As he has become what some politicians refer to as an ally on the global war on terrorism, Musharraf is viewed as a \u27person of interest\u27 by the United States government, the American people, and many governments and people around the world. The diametrically opposite reviews that Gen Musharraf continues to receive make him a many faceted candidate for the study of leadership. The dimension of ambivalence concerning views of Musharraf\u27s leadership on the world stage after 9/11 makes him a complex leader and one whom history is yet to assess

MODLEACH: A Variant of LEACH for WSNs

Wireless sensor networks are appearing as an emerging need for mankind. Though, Such networks are still in research phase however, they have high potential to be applied in almost every field of life. Lots of research is done and a lot more is awaiting to be standardized. In this work, cluster based routing in wireless sensor networks is studied precisely. Further, we modify one of the most prominent wireless sensor network's routing protocol "LEACH" as modified LEACH (MODLEACH) by introducing \emph{efficient cluster head replacement scheme} and \emph{dual transmitting power levels}. Our modified LEACH, in comparison with LEACH out performs it using metrics of cluster head formation, through put and network life. Afterwards, hard and soft thresholds are implemented on modified LEACH (MODLEACH) that boast the performance even more. Finally a brief performance analysis of LEACH, Modified LEACH (MODLEACH), MODLEACH with hard threshold (MODLEACHHT) and MODLEACH with soft threshold (MODLEACHST) is undertaken considering metrics of throughput, network life and cluster head replacements.Comment: IEEE 8th International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA'13), Compiegne, Franc

Constrictive Pericarditis Presenting as Bilateral Pleural Effusion: A Report of Two Cases

Constrictive pericarditis is a rare presentation. We need a very high index of clinical suspicion to diagnose the disease. It most commonly presents secondary to tuberculosis (TB) in the developing world and post-radiation therapy in the developed world. Classically, it presents with symptoms of heart failure and as pericardial thickening or calcification on imaging studies. In hospital settings, constrictive pericarditis is not usually considered as a differential in patients presenting with pleural effusion. According to the literature, associated pleural effusions in cases of constrictive pericarditis could be left-sided. Herein, we present two unusual presentations of cases with bilateral pleural effusions. One of our cases developed constrictive pericarditis with concurrent active tuberculosis. This is a rare presentation because, normally, constrictive pericarditis is a late complication of tuberculosis. We suggest that when dealing with cases of bilateral pleural effusion, the etiology of constrictive pericarditis should be considered

Objectives of Governance: A Comparison of Islamic and Western Traditions in the Context of Pakistan

An Islamic state led by a Caliph works to achieve objectives of Islamic governance. The objectives of governance between Western (secular democratic system) and Islamic traditions have close proximity, at least in words. These objectives include collective action (ijtimaiyat) and social justice (Aadalah). Collective action is used to provide basic human rights, while the comparable Islamic term ijtimaiya is aimed at providing basic protections. A Western nation state is defined by having legitimacy to tax and maintain an army for defence, while in Islam, comparable terms, though having difference, are Zakat and Jihad. It is required that an Islamic state should achieve effective internal governance by developing legal instruments for achieving the objectives, even if it works under Khilafah, or democracy

Monitoring and Controlling Power using Zigbee Communications

Smart grid is a modified form of electrical grid where generation, transmission, distribution and customers are not only connected electrically but also through strong communication network with each other as well as with market, operation and service provider. For achieving good communication link among them, it is very necessary to find suitable protocol. In this paper, we discuss different hardware techniques for power monitoring, power management and remote power controlling at home and transmission side and also discuss the suitability of Zigbee for required communication link. Zigbee has major role in monitoring and direct load controlling for efficient power utilization. It covers enough area needed for communication and it works on low data rate of 20Kbps to 250Kbps with minimum power consumption. This paper describes the user friendly control home appliances, power on/off through the internet, PDA using Graphical User Interface (GUI) and through GSM cellular mobile phone.Comment: 5th International Workshop on NGWMN with 7th IEEE International Conference on BWCCA 2012, Victoria, Canada, 201

Effects on photosynthetic response and biomass productivity of acacia longifolia ssp. longifolia under elevated CO2 and water-limited regimes

It is known that the impact of elevated CO2 (eCO2) will cause differential photosynthetic responses in plants, resulting in varying magnitudes of growth and productivity of competing species. Because of the aggressive invasive nature of Acacia longifolia ssp. longifolia, this study is designed to investigate the effect of eCO2 on gas exchange parameters, water use efficiency, photosystem II (PSII) activities, and growth of this species. Plants of A. longifolia ssp. longifolia were grown at 400 ppm (ambient) and 700 ppm (elevated) CO2 under 100 and 60% field capacity. Leaf gas exchange parameters, water use efficiency, intrinsic water use efficiency, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, and PSII activity were measured for 10 days at 2-day intervals. eCO2 mitigated the adverse effects of drought conditions on the aforementioned parameters compared to that grown under ambient CO2 (aCO2) conditions. A. longifolia, grown under drought conditions and re-watered at day 8, indicated a partial recovery in most of the parameters measured, suggesting that the recovery of this species under eCO2 will be higher than that with aCO2 concentration. This gave an increase in water use efficiency, which is one of the reasons for the observed enhanced growth of A. longifolia under drought stress. Thus, eCO2 will allow to adopt this species in the new environment, even under severe climatic conditions, and foreshadow its likelihood of invasion into new areas. Copyright © 2022 Javaid, Wang, Florentine, Ashraf, Mahmood, Li and Fiaz