Studija infekcije parazitskim protozoama kod tri endemične vrste riba u reci zayandehrood u Iranu

Various parasites (protozoan and metazoan) can reside either inside or on the surface of the host. Pathogens or parasites do not always cause disease in fish, but may be present in a subclinical or carrier state. Some of parasites can infect all or most species of freshwater fishes. For example Ichthyophthirius multifiliis can infect almost all freshwater fish. External parasites may cause secondary fungal, bacterial and viral infections or act as carriers of bacteria, virus and other pathogens. In this study samples were collected from five stations in summer of 2010. Overall 71 native fish from 3 species had been caught from Zayandehrood River, including 18 Capoeta damascina (62.4 ± 27.5 g), 20 Chondrostoma regium (34.8 ± 10.4 g) and 33 Leuciscus Lepidus (43.7±11.9 g). Wet mount from skin and gills were prepared and studied under a light microscope, after that gills were studied with a stereo microscope. Results of our study showed that 7 out of 18 Capoeta damascina (38.88%), 4 out of 20 Chondrostoma regium (20%) and 5 out of 33 Leuciscus Lepidus (15.15%) were infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. 3 out of 18 Capoeta damascina (16.66%), 5 out of 20 Chondrostoma regium (25%) and 5 out of 33 Leuciscus Lepidus (15.15%) were infected with Trichodina spp. None of 18 Capoeta damascina and 20 Chondrostoma regium (0%) was infected with Chilodonella sp. However, 2 out of 33 Leucisus Lepidus (6.06%) were infected with Chilodonella sp. In our study 3 protozoan parasites were collected from 3 species and in total Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (22.53%) was most common parasite. Environmental factors such as temperature can effects on prevalence rate of external protozoan parasites

Circulatory system of red tail catfish (Phractocephalus hemioliopterus Bloch & Schneider, 1801): a corrosion cast study

Red tail catfish, Phractocephalus hemioliopterus, in one of the popular ornamental fish. The present study is aimed to describe and visualizes the cardiovascular system of this species with corrosion cast study method. For this purpose, 10 red tail catfish with 580 gr average weight were obtained and were filled their blood vessels and heart with fluid artificial resin made on the basis of methylmetacrylate after anaesthetizing and euthanizing. For complete polymerization and hardening of the methylmetacrylate, the fish were further submersed for 12-24 hrs in water bath following by 24-48 hrs submersion in a 25% solution of KOH to full maceration. Based on the results we describe the cardiovascular system i.e. the afferent and efferent vessels of gill, different parts of the heart, ventral aorta, dorsal aorta, intestinal and gastric vessels, liver, anterior and posterior parts of the kidneys, spleen, portal and hepatic vein

تاثیر آموزش مدیریت بحران در حوادث ترافیکی پرتلفات با روش تمرین شبیه سازي شده بر دانش و نگرش کارکنان پرستاري

Introduction: Crisis management plays an important role in preparing hospitals for responding to disasters. Therefore, improvement of knowledge and attitude of the crisis management team is an unavoidable necessity for increasing the preparedness of the hospitals in the response phase to critical conditions and real disasters. Since, based on previous studies, lack of knowledge and proper attitude is one of the main problems of disaster management in Iran, teaching crisis management using simulated training method has been considered as a solution. Therefore, the aim of this study was determining the effect of teaching crisis management in traffic accidents with a high rate of mortality using simulated training (maneuver) method on the knowledge and attitude of nursing staff of Hospital. Methods: The present experimental interventional study was performed from September 2017 to January 2018, in Shahid Motahari Hospital, Marvdasht. The study population consisted of the nursing staff of the hospital and the sample included all of the emergency department nurses of the hospital (100 nurses). Data were gathered with the attitude scale in crisis, emergency preparation questionnaire and triage knowledge test of accidents before and 2 weeks after intervention. Intervention included a one-day workshop training for all of the study population and then performing table maneuver and stimulated road accident maneuver for the test group. Analysis of data was done using SPSS 22 and descriptive statistics, paired t-test and ANCOVA test. Results: Mean score of emergency preparation knowledge showed a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups of test (166.69 ±25.47) and control (136.14±39.24) after intervention (p<0.0001). In addition, the overall score of attitude towards crisis management after intervention was significantly different between test (21.44±1.10) and control (20.92±1.57) groups (p=0.02). Conclusion: The results showed that training via simulation method and workshop could improve knowledge and attitude towards crisis management better than educational workshop alone. Therefore, simulation training of educational programs is suggested for improvement of knowledge and attitude regarding crisis management.مقدمه: مدیریت بحران نقش مهمی در كسب آمادگي بيمارستان ها براي پاسخ به بلايا ایفا می کند. بنابراين افزایش دانش و بهبود نگرش تیم مدیریت بحران در ارتقای آمادگي بيمارستانها در مرحله پاسخ گویی به شرایط بحرانی و حوادث واقعی، یک ضرورت اجتناب ناپذیر است. از آنجايي كه بر اساس مطالعات انجام شده ضعف دانش و عدم نگرش مطلوب از مشكلات اصلي مديريت حوادث در ايران مي باشد، آموزش مديريت بحران به روش تمرین شبیه سازی شده به عنوان يك راهكار در نظر قرار گرفته است، لذا هدف از انجام اين پژوهش تعیین تاثیر آموزش مدیریت بحران در حوادث ترافیکی پرتلفات با روش تمرین شبیه سازی شده (مانور) بر دانش و نگرش کارکنان پرستاری بیمارستان بود. روش کار: این مطالعه تجربی مداخله ای از شهریور تا دی ماه سال 1396 در مرکز آموزشی درمانی شهید مطهری مرودشت انجام شد. جامعه پژوهش گروه پرستاری بيمارستان و نمونه برابر جامعه پرسنل بخش اورژانس بیمارستان بود (100نفر). داده ها با مقیاس نگرش در بحران، پرسشنامه اطلاعات آمادگی اورژانس و آزمون دانش تریاژ حوادث قبل و دو هفته بعد از مداخله جمع آوری شدند. مداخله شامل کارگاه آموزشی یک روزه برای کل جامعه پژوهش و سپس انجام مانور رو ميزي و مانور حادثه جاده ای شبیه سازی شده برای گروه آزمایش بود. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از SPSS 22 و آزمون تی زوجی و آزمون آنکوا انجام شد. يافته ها: میانگین نمره اطلاعات آمادگی اورژانس بعد از مداخله بین دو گروه آزمایش (47/25  69/166) و کنترل (24/39± 14/136) تفاوت آماری معنی داری داشت (0001/0 >p ) . همچنین نمره کلی نگرش نسبت به مدیریت بحران پس از مداخله در گروه آزمایش (10/1± 44/21) و کنترل (57/1± 92/20) تفاوت معناداری داشت (02/0=p). نتيجه گيری: یافته ها نشان داد که آموزش به روش تمرین شبیه سازی و کارگاه آموزشی بهتر از کارگاه آموزشی به تنهایی توانست دانش و نگرش نسبت به مدیریت بحران را بهبود بخشد. بنابراین، تمرین شبیه سازی برنامه های آموزشی جهت بهبود دانش و نگرش مدیریت بحران توصیه می شود

Better Inset in Nipple Reconstruction by Modification in Skate Flap: A Case Study

NAC reconstruction represents the final stage of breast reconstruction. This can be  accomplished thr ough non-surgical and surgical procedures, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. The majority of surgeons employ the Skate flap. The following is a de monstration of a modific ation to this flap.A woman, 56 years of age, who had previously undergone breast reconstruction using a TRAM flap, was admitted for nipple reconstruction. During the design of the star flap, a modification was executed, which involved reciprocally changing the orientation of the lateral flaps. Both flaps were properly positioned in their prepared locations during the flap inset and skin closure. The final outcome was satisfactory and aesthetically pleasing.The modification in the design of the Skate flap alters the orientation of the transferred flaps, making the final inse t feasible with less dis figurement

A Study on COVID-19 Recurrence in Patients Discharged from Hospital: Narrative Review

Background & Objective: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease that has affected people in several countries around the world. COVID‐19 has been announced a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Unfortunately, in some cases, COVID-19 diagnosis tests are confirmed positive again after the recovery of patients and or discharge from the hospital. This study aimed to evaluate the symptoms of patients in whom coronavirus testing was recurrent positive. Materials & Methods: The search was conducted in articles from electronic and scientific literature databases such as Pub Med, EMBASE, Scopus and Medline, published from January 2020 to August 2020 using keywords of COVID-19, Recurrent Positive, Readmitted, Novel Coronavirus, RT-PCR test. Results: Studies have shown that in some patients, after a coronavirus test is negative and after the patients are discharged from the hospital, the RT-PCR test is positive again without contact with another patient. Conclusion: Studies reported that in a small number of patients recovered from the COVID-19, the RT-PCR test is positive again. Various factors are involved in this process for example sampling method, sample processing, re-infection of patient, virus re-grow, patient's immune system and etc

The Effect of One Period of Endurance Training and Consumption of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Urtica Dioica on Oxidative Stress Indices of Heart Tissue in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats

Introduction: Oxidative stress plays a key role in the onset and development of diabetes-related complications. Due to the antioxidant effect of exercise and Urtica dioica (UD), this study aimed to evaluate the effect of one period of endurance exercise and hydroalcoholic extract of Urtica dioica on oxidative stress indices of heart tissue in STZ-Induced diabetic rats. Material & Methods: In this study, 50 Wistar rats (mean±SD weight: 232.12±7.42 g) were randomly divided into five groups: Healthy-sedentary, Diabetes-sedentary, Diabetes-Exercise, Diabetes-Urtica dioica, and Diabetes-Exercise-Urtica dioica. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) and 48 hours after injection, blood glucose levels above 300 mg/dl were the criteria for the confirmation of diabetes. Endurance exercise with moderate intensity (5 days/week) and daily gavage of hydroalcoholic extract of UD was performed at 50 mg/kg for six weeks. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) through Shapiro-Wilk, two-way ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc test. Findings: Two weeks after STZ injection, body weight in the Diabetes-Urtica dioica (P=0.001), Diabetes-Exercise (P=0.034), and Diabetes-Exercise-Urtica dioica (P=0.025) groups decreased, compared to the Healthy-sedentary group, and this reduction continued until the end of the sixth week. In addition, six weeks of endurance exercise and UD extract significantly reduced blood glucose concentration in the Diabetes-Exercise (P=0.001), Diabetes-Urtica dioica (P=0.001), and Diabetes-Exercise-Urtica dioica (P=0.001) groups, compared to the Diabetes-sedentary group. Furthermore, endurance training and UD extract caused a significant increase in catalase (P=0.019) and glutathione peroxidase (P=0.028) values and a significant decrease in heart tissue malondialdehyde (P=0.001). Discussion & Conclusion: Six weeks of endurance training combined with UD extract can increase the antioxidant index and decrease lipid peroxidation in the heart tissue of diabetic rats with streptozotocin

Multidisciplinary management of subgingival crown-root fracture of an immature permanent maxillary central incisor

This case report describes the multidisciplinary management of subgingival horizontal crown-root fracture of an immature permanent maxillary central incisor in a 10-year-old boy. After removal of the fractured fragment, pulpotomy was performed within 48 h from the injury to promote apexogenesis. The tooth was orthodontically extruded until the fracture line was located above the alveolar bone level. Frenectomy, supracrestal fiberotomy, and crown lengthening were performed after adequate stabilization of the extruded tooth for 5 months. Finally, the tooth was restored with composite resin by using the acid etch technique. This report highlights that a multidisciplinary treatment approach with strict cooperation among specialists to manage a complicated crown-root fracture can save and restore a traumatized immature permanent tooth

Subarachnoid block with low dose of bupivacaine and sufentanil in patients with coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid block with local anesthetics and opioids enable efficacious spinal anesthesia because of their synergistic effect and permit the use of low-dose local anesthetics, which results in a stable hemodynamic state. The purpose of this study was to describe the cardiovascular effects of spinal anesthesia with low-dose bupivacaine and sufentanil on patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS: This study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial. A total of 18 patients who had known coronary artery disease were enrolled. Our subjects underwent spinal block for lower limb surgery with 7.5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% and 5 &micro;g sufentanil. Complications related to anesthesia such as hypotension, bradycardia, vasopressor need, and blood or volume use were recorded. RESULTS: The average mean arterial pressure decreased 15% in the first 15 min of spinal block in our cases. No patients presented with hypotension and the subjects were without complaints during the spinal anesthesia. All patients remained alert, and no ST segment changes were observed intraoperatively and until 6 h after the operation. Baseline ejection fraction (EF) 40% or less was observed in 10 patients and these subjects were compared with other patients. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate decreased during the first 15 min in response to spinal anesthesia in both groups of patients, but decreased more significantly in patients with EF &gt; 40%. CONCLUSION: We recommend spinal block with low-dose bupivacaine and sufentanil in patients with coronary artery disease and especially in patients with low EF. &nbsp; Keywords: Bupivacaine, Coronary Artery Disease, Subarachnoid Block&nbsp; </span