NO x reduction in the exhaust of mobile heavy-duty diesel engines by urea-SCR

A DeNO x demonstration system for a diesel engine used in construction machineries and mobile cranes was setup. In preliminary experiments various extruded and coated SCR catalysts were evaluated with and without oxidizing pre-catalyst. The data from stationary tests with two selected catalysts were used to establish various model-based control algorithms for the optimum dosage of urea in the ESC and ETC. A NO x conversion of >93% at <10ppm average ammonia slip could be achieved at a converter-to-swept volume ratio of <2.

Proceedings of the 2nd International Triticeae Symposium

At the First International Triticeae Symposium, Helsingborg, Sweden, July 29-August 2, 1991, the participants decided that subsequent meetings will be held every three years. Thus, the Second International Triticeae Symposium was held in Logan, Utah, U.S.A, June 20-24, 1994, with USDA Agricultural Research Service\u27s Forage and Range Research Laboratory and Utah State University as hosts. The purposes of the second symposium were: (I) to exchange the latest scientific information and advancements related to annual and perennial Triticeae species; (2) to promote the exchange of ideas for developing coordinated collaborative research; and (3) to provide an opportunity to see the biodiversity in the Triticeae by visiting the USDA Living Collection of Perennial Triticeae near Logan. In addition to the above scientific goals, the participants also paid tributes to the late Dr. Douglas Dewey at the symposium banquet by presenting a plaque to Mrs. Lois Dewey and a slide show featuring Doug\u27s activities and his many colleaques and associates. Due to various reasons, some contributors of papers were unable to attend the symposium. Nevertheless, their manuscripts are included in the proceedings to benefit all Triticeae workers. Conference support and travel grants from the USDA-CSRS Competitive Grant Program and the International Science Foundation enabled several speakers from China, former Soviet Union countries, and Estonia to attend the symposium. Cooperation and assistance from our colleagues at the USDA-ARS Forage and Range Research Laboratory and the Location Administrative Office (Logan, Utah), the USDA Small Grain Collection (Aberdeen, Idaho), Utah State University and Utah Agricultural Experiment Station , and the Conference and Institute Division and the Student Services of Utah State University (Logan, Utah) made the symposium successful. We also thank many participants for reviewing manuscripts for the symposium proceedings. Most important are the contributions of the conference participants who presented the scientific information and ideas during and after the Second International Triticeae Symposium. For the production of this publication, we thank all authors\u27 patience, peer reviewers\u27 effort, and the Publication Design & Production of Utah State University\u27s excellent job

How does ethical leadership trickle down? Test of an integrative dual-process model

Although the trickle-down effect of ethical leadership has been documented in the literature, its underlying mechanism still remains largely unclear. To address this gap, we develop a cross-level dual-process model to explain how the effect occurs. Drawing on social learning theory, we hypothesize that the ethical leadership of high-level managers could cascade to middle-level supervisors via its impact on middle-level supervisors’ two ethical expectations. Using a sample of 69 middle-level supervisors and 381 subordinates across 69 sub-branches from a large banking firm in China, we found that middle-level supervisors’ ethical efficacy expectation and unethical behavior–punishment expectation (as one form of ethical outcome expectations) accounted for the trickle-down effect. The explanatory role of middle-level supervisors’ ethical behavior–reward expectation (as the other form of ethical outcome expectations), however, was not supported. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed