Necesidades de mantenimiento y crecimiento de la Dorada (Sparus aurata L.)

Tesis por compendio[EN] The gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) is the fish specie more produced in the Mediterranean countries, however, the real nutrient requirements have not been studied until recently. The aim of the present thesis was to develop a multi-factorial model that allow to estimate the nutritional requirements of the gilthead sea bream, considering several growth situations for the weight range between 20 and 450g, as well as to design diets with a optimum nutritive composition. With that purpose, 6 trials were made, with gilthead sea bream ranged from 23 to 433g, fish were fed with increasing feeding rates from starvation to apparent satiation, with the aim of define the response curves of the protein retention, energy recovery, and growth next to the increasing feeding intakes. With the results obtained, factorial models able to determine the growing requirements were developed. And with them diets optimizing the nutrient efficiency for several situations were defined. The actual commercial diets with a ratio of digestible protein/digestible energy between 20 and 25 g MJ-1 are underestimated and produce a fat accumulation in the gilthead sea bream. A ratio of DP/DE between 25-30 g MJ-1 seems more adequate to optimize efficiencies and for improve the feed conversion ratios.[ES] La dorada (Sparus aurata) es la especie piscícola que más se produce en los países mediterráneos, sin embargo no ha sido hasta hace relativamente poco cuando se empezaron a estudiar sus necesidades nutritivas reales. El objetivo de la presente tesis fue desarrollar un modelo factorial que permita estimar las necesidades nutritivas en dorada considerando diversas situaciones de crecimiento para un rango de pesos de entre 20 y 450 gramos, así como diseñar piensos con una composición nutritiva óptima. Para ello se realizaron 6 experimentos, con doradas de entre 23 g y 433g, a las que se alimento con tasas de alimentación crecientes desde ayunas hasta saciedad aparente, con el fin de determinar las curvas de respuesta, retención de proteína y retención de energía, y de crecimiento ante dosis crecientes de alimento. Con los resultados obtenidos, se pudieron desarrollar modelos factoriales capaces de determinar las necesidades de crecimiento y con ellas definir los piensos que optimizan la eficiencia de los nutrientes ante diversas situaciones. Los piensos actuales tienen una proporción de proteína digestible /energía digestible (PD/ED) subestimada, de entre 20 y 25 g MJ-1, lo que produce un engrasamiento paulatino de la dorada. Un ratio de PD/ED de entre 25-30 g MJ-1, parece más adecuado para optimizar las eficiencias y mejorar los índices de conversión alimentarios.[CA] L'orada és l'espècie d'aqu¿icultura més produïda en el països de la mediterrània. No obstant, no fou fins fa ben boc quan es van començar a estudiar les seues necessitats nutritives reals. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi ha estat desenvolupar un model factorial que permeta estimar les necessitats nutritives de l'orada, considerant diferents situacions de creixement per a un interval de pesos entre els 20 i els 450 grams, a més de dissenyar pinsos amb una composició nutritiva òptima. Per tal d'aconseguir aquests objectius, es realitzaren 6 experiments, amb orades d'entre 23 i 433 grams, les quals foren alimentades amb taxes d'alimentació creixents, des del dejuni fins la sacietat aparent, amb la finalitat de determinar les corbes de resposta, de retenció de proteïna i d'energia i de creixements amb dosis creixents d'aliment. Amb els resultats obtinguts, es pogueren desenvolupar models factorials capaços de determinar les necessitats de creixement, amb les quals es puguen dissenyar els pinsos que optimitzen l'eficiència dels nutrients davant de diverses situacions. Els pinsos actuals tenen una proporció de proteïna digestible / energia digestible (PD/ED) subestimada, d'entre 20 i 25 g MJ-1, produint un engreixament gradual de l'orada. Una ràtio PD/ED d'entre 25 i 30 g MJ-1 sembla més adequada per optimitzar l'eficiència i millorar els índexs de conversió alimentària.Jauralde García, I. (2016). Necesidades de mantenimiento y crecimiento de la Dorada (Sparus aurata L.) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62406TESISCompendi

Effects of Eco-Organic Feed on Growth Performance, Biometric Indices, and Nutrient Retention of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

[EN] This study examined how eco-organic feed affects the growth performance, nutrient efficiency, feed utilisation, and body composition of gilthead seabream. Six different diets were tested, including a control diet (CONT) without organic ingredients and four diets with 100% organic ingredients: trout (TRO), seabass (SBS), poultry (POU), and mix (MIX), along with a control organic diet (ORG) containing organic ingredients and 30% fishmeal. The experiment lasted 70 days, and the fish were fed twice a day, starting with an initial weight of 60.5 g. The results showed that the highest growth rates were observed in fish fed the ORG and CONT diets containing fishmeal. Conversely, the POU diet resulted in the lowest growth rate, survival rate, and highest value for feed conversion ratio (FCR). Almost all essential amino acid efficiency values were high in fish fed the ORG and CONT diets. Still, significant differences were noted in the retention efficiency of fatty acids across all diets. The retention efficiency was higher in the CONT diet, followed by the ORG diet. However, the economic conversion rate was lower for CONT, SBS, TRO, and MIX. Overall, using organic diets of animal origin impacted the growth performance of gilthead seabream, but it is still a promising approach.This project had been developed with the collaboration of the Biodiversity Foundation (Spanish Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge), through the Pleamar Program, co-financed by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF). A full scholarship from the Ministry of Higher Education of the Arab Republic of Egypt funds the researcher Eslam TefalTefal, E.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Martínez-Llorens, S.; Jauralde García, I.; Peñaranda, D.; Jover Cerda, M. (2023). Effects of Eco-Organic Feed on Growth Performance, Biometric Indices, and Nutrient Retention of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata). Sustainability. 15(14):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151410750116151

Protein and energy requirements for maintenance and growth in juvenile meagre Argyrosomus regius (Asso,1801) (Sciaenidae)

[EN] The meagre is a fish species of recent interest in aquaculture, because of its fast growth and flesh quality. Nevertheless, it hasn't been studied enough, and feed producers do not have enough information about the nutrient requirements to optimize the feed diets of the meagre. This study measures the growth response of this fish to several amounts of food and gives information about the proportion of protein and energy that should be included in its diet, as well as the recommended amount of food to optimize its growth. The meagre is a carnivorous species and might be a suitable candidate species for the diversification of aquaculture in the Mediterranean region. This is based on its high growth and flesh quality. Nevertheless, there is little information available about its growth rates and nutrient requirements. The objective of this study was to determine the protein and energy requirements of juvenile meagre (Argyrosomus regius). Two trials for different weights of 53 and 188 g were conducted with rations from starvation to apparent satiation with the scope of studying its nutritional needs. In the first trial, the initial mean body weight of the fish was 53 g, and they were fed at feeding rates, measured as a percentage of the body weight, of 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5%, with two replicates per treatment. In a second trial, another group with approximately 188 g of initial body weight was fed at feeding rates of 0, 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5%, with two replicates per treatment. The optimum thermal growth coefficient was obtained with a feed intake of 2.2% day(-1) in trial A and 1.73% day(-1) in trial B. The digestible protein (DP) intake for maintenance was determined as 0.57 g kg(-0.7) day(-1), the DP intake for maximum growth was 6.0 g kg(-0.7) day(-1), and the point for maximum efficiency in protein retention was 1.8 g kg(-0.7) day(-1). The requirement for digestible energy (DE) intake for maintenance was recorded at 25.4 kJ kg(-0.82) day(-1), the DE intake to maximize growth was 365 kJ kg(-0.82) day(-1), and the point for maximum efficiency in energy retention occurs with a digestible energy intake of 93 kJ kg(-0.82) day(-1). The requirements and retention efficiency of protein and energy in Argyrosomus regius tend to be within the range other fish species. The maintenance needs are in agreement with species with low voluntary activity and growth requirements in agreement with fast-growth species.This research was funded by grants from the Planes Nacionales de Acuicultura (JACUMAR) in Spain.Jauralde García, I.; Velazco-Vargas, J.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Jover Cerda, M.; Martínez-Llorens, S. (2021). Protein and energy requirements for maintenance and growth in juvenile meagre Argyrosomus regius (Asso,1801) (Sciaenidae). Animals. 11(1):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010077S115111Chatzifotis, S., Panagiotidou, M., Papaioannou, N., Pavlidis, M., Nengas, I., & Mylonas, C. C. (2010). Effect of dietary lipid levels on growth, feed utilization, body composition and serum metabolites of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) juveniles. Aquaculture, 307(1-2), 65-70. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.07.002EL-Shebly, A. A., El-Kady, M. A. H., Hussin, A. B., & Hossain, M. Y. (2007). Preliminary Observations on the Pond Culture of Meagre, Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801) (Sciaenidae) in Egypt. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2(5), 345-352. doi:10.3923/jfas.2007.345.352ESTÉVEZ, A., TREVIÑO, L., KOTZAMANIS, Y., KARACOSTAS, I., TORT, L., & GISBERT, E. (2010). Effects of different levels of plant proteins on the ongrowing of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) juveniles at low temperatures. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(2), e572-e582. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00798.xPoli, B. M., Parisi, G., Zampacavallo, G., Iurzan, F., Mecatti, M., Lupi, P., & Bonelli, A. (2003). Aquaculture International, 11(3), 301-311. doi:10.1023/a:1024840804303Roo, J., Hernández-Cruz, C. M., Borrero, C., Schuchardt, D., & Fernández-Palacios, H. (2010). Effect of larval density and feeding sequence on meagre (Argyrosomus regius; Asso, 1801) larval rearing. Aquaculture, 302(1-2), 82-88. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.02.015Chatzifotis, S., Panagiotidou, M., & Divanach, P. (2011). Effect of protein and lipid dietary levels on the growth of juvenile meagre (Argyrosomus regius). Aquaculture International, 20(1), 91-98. doi:10.1007/s10499-011-9443-yAlvarez-González, C. ., Civera-Cerecedo, R., Ortiz-Galindo, J. ., Dumas, S., Moreno-Legorreta, M., & Grayeb-Del Alamo, T. (2001). Effect of dietary protein level on growth and body composition of juvenile spotted sand bass, Paralabrax maculatofasciatus, fed practical diets. Aquaculture, 194(1-2), 151-159. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(00)00512-3Chong, A. S. ., Ishak, S. D., Osman, Z., & Hashim, R. (2004). Effect of dietary protein level on the reproductive performance of female swordtails Xiphophorus helleri (Poeciliidae). Aquaculture, 234(1-4), 381-392. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.12.003El-Sayed, A.-F. M., & Kawanna, M. (2008). Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on spawning performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock in a recycling system. Aquaculture, 280(1-4), 179-184. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.04.030Lee, S.-M., Jeon, I. G., & Lee, J. Y. (2002). Effects of digestible protein and lipid levels in practical diets on growth, protein utilization and body composition of juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Aquaculture, 211(1-4), 227-239. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(01)00880-8Zhang, J., Zhou, F., Wang, L., Shao, Q., Xu, Z., & Xu, J. (2010). Dietary Protein Requirement of Juvenile Black Sea Bream, Sparus macrocephalus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 41, 151-164. doi:10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00356.xTibbetts, S. M., Lall, S. P., & Anderson, D. M. (2000). Dietary protein requirement of juvenile American eel (Anguilla rostrata) fed practical diets. Aquaculture, 186(1-2), 145-155. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00363-4Kaushik, S. J., & Seiliez, I. (2010). Protein and amino acid nutrition and metabolism in fish: current knowledge and future needs. Aquaculture Research, 41(3), 322-332. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02174.xGunasekera, R. M., De Silva, S. S., Collins, R. A., Gooley, G., & Ingram, B. A. (2000). Effect of dietary protein level on growth and food utilization in juvenile Murray codMaccullochella peelii peelii(Mitchell). Aquaculture Research, 31(2), 181-187. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00417.xBooth, M. A., Allan, G. L., & Pirozzi, I. (2010). Estimation of digestible protein and energy requirements of yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi using a factorial approach. Aquaculture, 307(3-4), 247-259. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.07.019Jauralde, I., Martínez-Llorens, S., Tomás, A., & Jover, M. (2016). Protein deposition and energy recovery in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): Evaluation of nutritional requirements. Aquaculture, 464, 65-73. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.06.006Lupatsch, I., Kissil, G. W., Sklan, D., & Pfeffer, E. (1998). Energy and protein requirements for maintenance and growth in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 4(3), 165-173. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.1998.00065.xLupatsch, Kissil, Sklan, & Pfeffer. (2001). Effects of varying dietary protein and energy supply on growth, body composition and protein utilization in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurataL.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 7(2), 71-80. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.2001.00150.xPeres, H., & Oliva-Teles, A. (2005). Protein and Energy Metabolism of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles and Estimation of Maintenance Requirements. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 31(1), 23-31. doi:10.1007/s10695-005-4586-2Lupatsch, I., & Kissil, G. W. (2005). Feed formulations based on energy and protein demands in white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus). Aquaculture, 248(1-4), 83-95. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.03.004Pirozzi, I., Booth, M. A., & Allan, G. L. (2008). Protein and energy utilization and the requirements for maintenance in juvenile mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 36(1), 109-121. doi:10.1007/s10695-008-9296-0McGoogan, B. B., & Gatlin, D. M. (1998). Metabolic Requirements of Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, for Protein and Energy Based on Weight Gain and Body Composition. The Journal of Nutrition, 128(1), 123-129. doi:10.1093/jn/128.1.123GLENCROSS, B. D. (2009). Reduced water oxygen levels affect maximal feed intake, but not protein or energy utilization efficiency of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture Nutrition, 15(1), 1-8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2007.00562.xGlencross, B., Hawkins, W., Evans, D., Rutherford, N., Dods, K., McCafferty, P., & Sipsas, S. (2007). Evaluation of the influence of drying process on the nutritional value of lupin protein concentrates when fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 265(1-4), 218-229. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.01.040Rodehutscord, M., & Pfeffer, E. (1999). Maintenance requirement for digestible energy and efficiency of utilisation of digestible energy for retention in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 179(1-4), 95-107. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00155-6Booth, M. A., & Allan, G. L. (2003). Utilization of digestible nitrogen and energy from four agricultural ingredients by juvenile silver perch Bidyanus bidyanus. Aquaculture Nutrition, 9(5), 317-326. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.2003.00259.xHatlen, B., Helland, S. J., & Grisdale-Helland, B. (2007). Energy and nitrogen partitioning in 250 g Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) given graded levels of feed with different protein and lipid content. Aquaculture, 270(1-4), 167-177. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.001GLENCROSS, B. D. (2008). A factorial growth and feed utilization model for barramundi,Lates calcariferbased on Australian production conditions. Aquaculture Nutrition, 14(4), 360-373. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2007.00543.xHelland, S. J., Hatlen, B., & Grisdale-Helland, B. (2010). Energy, protein and amino acid requirements for maintenance and efficiency of utilization for growth of Atlantic salmon post-smolts determined using increasing ration levels. Aquaculture, 305(1-4), 150-158. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.04.013Fournier, V., Gouillou-Coustans, M. F., Métailler, R., Vachot, C., Guedes, M. J., Tulli, F., … Kaushik, S. J. (2002). Protein and arginine requirements for maintenance and nitrogen gain in four teleosts. British Journal of Nutrition, 87(5), 459-469. doi:10.1079/bjn2002564Bureau, D. P., Hua, K., & Cho, C. Y. (2006). Effect of feeding level on growth and nutrient deposition in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) growing from 150 to 600 g. Aquaculture Research, 37(11), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01532.xAtkinson, J. L., Hilton, J. W., & Slinger, S. J. (1984). Evaluation of Acid-Insoluble Ash as an Indicator of Feed Digestibility in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 41(9), 1384-1386. doi:10.1139/f84-170Watanabe, K., Ura, K., Yada, T., Kiron, V., Satoh, S., & Watanabe, T. (2000). Energy and protein requirements of yellowtail for maximum growth and maintenance of body weight. Fisheries Science, 66(6), 1053-1061. doi:10.1046/j.1444-2906.2000.00168.xDumas, A., France, J., & Bureau, D. P. (2007). Evidence of three growth stanzas in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) across life stages and adaptation of the thermal-unit growth coefficient. Aquaculture, 267(1-4), 139-146. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.01.041Jauralde, I., Martínez-Llorens, S., Tomás, A., Ballestrazzi, R., & Jover, M. (2011). A proposal for modelling the thermal-unit growth coefficient and feed conversion ratio as functions of feeding rate for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata,L.) in summer conditions. Aquaculture Research, 44(2), 242-253. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.03027.xMayer, P., Estruch, V. D., & Jover, M. (2012). A two-stage growth model for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) based on the thermal growth coefficient. Aquaculture, 358-359, 6-13. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.06.016Panettieri, V., Chatzifotis, S., Messina, C. M., Olivotto, I., Manuguerra, S., Randazzo, B., … Piccolo, G. (2020). Honey Bee Pollen in Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) Juvenile Diets: Effects on Growth, Diet Digestibility, Intestinal Traits, and Biochemical Markers Related to Health and Stress. Animals, 10(2), 231. doi:10.3390/ani10020231Knibb, W. (2000). Genetic improvement of marine fish - which method for industry? Aquaculture Research, 31(1), 11-23. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00393.xWatanabe, K., Hara, Y., Ura, K., Yada, T., Kiron, V., Satoh, S., & Watanabe, T. (2000). Energy and protein requirements for maximum growth and maintenance of bodyweight of yellowtail. Fisheries Science, 66(5), 884-893. doi:10.1046/j.1444-2906.2000.00143.xLupatsch, I., Kissil, G. W., & Sklan, D. (2001). Optimization of feeding regimes for European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax: a factorial approach. Aquaculture, 202(3-4), 289-302. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(01)00779-7Arshad Hossain, M., Almatar, S. M., & James, C. M. (2010). Optimum Dietary Protein Level for Juvenile Silver Pomfret, Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen). Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 41(5), 710-720. doi:10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00413.xSandberg, F. B., Emmans, G. C., & Kyriazakis, I. (2005). Partitioning of limiting protein and energy in the growing pig: testing quantitative rules against experimental data. British Journal of Nutrition, 93(2), 213-224. doi:10.1079/bjn20041322Sánchez-Lozano, N. B., Martínez-Llorens, S., Tomás-Vidal, A., & Cerdá, M. J. (2009). Effect of high-level fish meal replacement by pea and rice concentrate protein on growth, nutrient utilization and fillet quality in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L.). Aquaculture, 298(1-2), 83-89. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.09.028SÁNCHEZ-LOZANO, N. B., MARTÍNEZ-LLORENS, S., TOMÁS-VIDAL, A., & JOVER CERDÁ, M. (2010). Amino acid retention of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.) fed with pea protein concentrate. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(2), e604-e614. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00803.xHillestad, M., & Johnsen, F. (1994). 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Influence of diet and feeding strategy on the performance of nitrifying trickling filter, oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) raised in recirculating aquaculture systems

[EN] Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) was raised in six individual recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) whose bioflters¿ performance was analyzed. Fish were fed with three diferent diets (a control diet, a fshmeal-based diet (FM), and a plant meal-based diet (VM)) and with three diferent feeding strategies (manual feeding to apparent satiation, automatic feeding with restricted ration, and auto-demand feeding). For every combination of diet and feeding strategy, the mean oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion, and ammonia removal rate were determined. Fish fed with the VM diet consumed the most oxygen (20.06±1.80 gO2 consumed kg¿1 day¿1). There were signifcant diferences in ammonia excretion depending on the protein content and protein efciency of the diet, as well as depending on feeding strategy, which in turn afected ammonia removal rates. Fish fed by auto-demand feeders led to the highest mean ammonia removal rate (0.10 gN-TAN removed m¿2 biofltration area day¿1), while not leading to peaks of high ammonia concentration in water, which preserve fsh welfare and growth.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Research is funded by the national project ¿Design of a recirculating aquaculture system for aquaculture plants (2011¿2014),¿ by the Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain, as well as by a grant financed by Generalitat Valenciana, IDIFEDER/2020/029, and by the project ¿Recirculating aquaculture systems¿ by Universitat Politècnica de València. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Godoy-Olmos, S.; Jauralde García, I.; Monge-Ortiz, R.; Milián Sorribes, MC.; Jover Cerda, M.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Martínez-Llorens, S. (2022). Influence of diet and feeding strategy on the performance of nitrifying trickling filter, oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) raised in recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquaculture International. 30(2):581-606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-021-00821-358160630

Eficiencia de diferentes sistemas de evaluación en la asignatura de “Nutrición de especies acuícolas”

[EN] The subject of “Nutricion de especies acuícolas” is teach in in-person modality in the “Master Interuniversitario de Acuicultura, and in on-line modality in the “Curso de especialista universitario en Acuicultura”. Even if the assessment procedures and percentages of differents parts over the final grade are similar in both modalities, there are not equals the number of assessments facts. Keeping in mind the satisfactions surveis of the students over the assesments systems used, the results where higher for the on-line modality (9,4) than for the in-persone one (8,1). The higher sattisfaction of the students with the assessment system has a correspondence with better student performance, showing a higher percentage of student with grade over 9, 24,5% if compared with the 14,5% in the in-person modality. But similar percentage of students obtained a grade between 7 and 9 (50 and 54% respectivily)[ES] La asignatura de “Nutrición de especies acuícolas” se imparte de forma presencial en el Master Interuniversitario de Acuicultura y formato on-line en el Curso de Especialista universitario en Acuicultura. Aunque el tipo de evaluación, así como los porcentajes que representan en la nota final son similares en ambas modalidades, no es el número de actos realizados. Teniendo en cuenta las encuestas de satisfacción de los alumnos en el apartado de los sistemas de evaluación empleados fueron más elevadas en la asignatura on-line (9,4), que en la asignatura de docencia presencial (8,1). La mayor satisfacción de los alumnos con el sistema de evaluación propuesta se ha traducido en un mayor rendimiento académico, presentando un elevado porcentaje de alumnos con una nota superior a 9, un 24.5% frente a un 14,5% en la asignatura presencial, siendo el porcentaje de notables muy similar en ambas asignaturas (50 y 54%, respectivamente)Tomás Vidal, A.; Jauralde García, I.; Martínez Llorens, S.; Sánchez Peñaranda, D.; Jover Cerdá, M. (2015). Eficiencia de diferentes sistemas de evaluación en la asignatura de “Nutrición de especies acuícolas”. En In-Red 2015 - CONGRESO NACIONAL DE INNOVACIÓN EDUCATIVA Y DE DOCENCIA EN RED. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2015.2015.1625OC

Mejora de las competencias gracias a la implantación de aprendizaje basado en proyectos en acuicultura

En el presente trabajo se muestra la experiencia de la aplicación del Aprendizaje Basada en proyectos (ABP) en la asignatura “Diseño y Gestión de instalaciones Piscícolas” de la titulación del Máster interuniversitario de Acuicultura de la Universitat Politécnica de València. El ABP consistió en el desarrollo de un proyecto de una piscifactoría, en el cual los alumnos debían integrar los conocimientos adquiridos en las asignaturas previas, permitiendo una visión más multidisciplinar de la asignatura y mejor adquisición de las competencias. Tanto desde el punto de vista del alumnado como del profesor, la implantación del ABP permitió un mayor desarrollo de las competencias, siendo la metodología docente valorada positivamente. Además, se mejoró la participación del alumnado en las actividades propuestas, dando como resultado una mejor calificando académica final. No obstante, se deben de mejorar algunos aspectos como es la planificación del tiempo y consolidar relaciones de integración o la interacción entre diferentes disciplinas/asignaturas de manera que tengan una mejor integración en el proyecto

Aprendizaje basado en proyectos: una propuesta eficaz para el desarrollo de las competencias en el master de Acuicultura

[ES] En el presente trabajo se muestra una experiencia de la aplicación del Aprendizaje Basada en proyectos en la titulación del Master interuniversitario de Acuicultura de la Universitat Politécnica de València. El ABPr se centró en el desarrollo de un proyecto de una piscifactoría, en el cual los alumnos pudieran adquirir una visión en conjunto de las asignaturas impartidas en el máster, fomentando la conexión entre ellas, reforzando, por tanto, el carácter interdisciplinar del proyecto. Para evaluar la metodología se realizó cuestionario cuantitativo y otro cualitativo con el objetivo de conocer las opiniones de los alumnos. Los alumnos han valorado positivamente la metodología, destacando la importancia del proyecto desarrollado para su formación profesional, así como también se valoró sustancialmente que el trabajo desarrollado en grupo cumplió sus expectativas en cuanto a la labor de los docentes. Aunque no se observaron valoraciones negativas de la metodología desarrollada, se deben de mejorar algunos aspectos como la planificación del tiempo y consolidar relaciones de integración o la interacción entre diferentes disciplinas/asignaturas.[EN] This work shows an of Project Based Learning experience on Interuniversity Master of Aquaculture degree at the Universitat Politécnica de València. The ABPr focused on the development of a fish farm project, in which the students could acquire a combined vision of the subjects taught during the master's degree, promoting the connection between subjects, thus reinforcing the interdisciplinary character of the project. To evaluate the methodology, a quantitative and a qualitative survey was conducted with the aim to know the students opinions. The students have positively valued the methodology, highlighting the importance of the project developed for their professional training, as well as the fact that the project carried out as teamwork met their expectations regarding the teachers´work. Although no negative evaluations about the developed methodology were observed, some aspects such as time scheduling, and the integration of additional subjects/ disciplines should be improved.Martínez-Llorens, S.; Jauralde García, I.; S. Peñaranda, D.; Tomás-Vidal, A.; Jover Cerdá, M. (2021). Aprendizaje basado en proyectos: una propuesta eficaz para el desarrollo de las competencias en el master de Acuicultura. En IN-RED 2020: VI Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 208-2017. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2020.2020.11988OCS208201

A proposal for modelling the thermal-unit growth coefficient and feed conversion ratio as functions of feeding rate for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.) in summer conditions

Modelling growth as a function of feeding rate (FR) could be one of the most important tools for fish farms, because this knowledge allows growth to be maximized, or the feed conversion ratio (FCR) to be minimized, thereby improving profits. All growth models should include the three principal variables involved in growth: initial body weight, temperature and feeding rate. The thermal-unit growth coefficient (TGC) already includes water temperature variation and initial body weight. Studying variation in TGC for fish fed the same diet, but at several feeding rates provides interesting information for modelling. Six different trials were conducted where gilthead sea bream of several different initial weights (24, 38, 50, 110, 220 or 289 g) were fed increasing amounts, and growth and the conversion index response were measured. The TGC response was modelled as a function of FR, and both asymptotic and quadratic responses were examined. The asymptotic model, TGC ¿ 1000 = 2.037*(1¿e (¿0.8*(FR¿0.22)), had an adjusted R2 value of 96.18, whereas the quadratic model, TGC ¿ 1000 = ¿0.381 + 1,715 ¿ FR¿0,382 ¿ FR2, had an adjusted R2 value of 96.42. Simulations of the FCR and the economical profitability index (EPI) were conducted to provide tools for maximizing efficiency and profitability, and the results suggest that these tools will be useful for future investigations.Ignacio Jauralde Garcia was supported by Fundacion Alfonso Martin Escudero, Madrid, Spain.Jauralde García, I.; Martínez-Llorens, S.; Tomás Vidal, A.; Ballestrazzi, R.; Jover Cerda, M. (2011). A proposal for modelling the thermal-unit growth coefficient and feed conversion ratio as functions of feeding rate for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.) in summer conditions. Aquaculture Research. 44(2):242-253. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.03027.xS24225344

Fishmeal substitution by Iberian pig meal and vegetable proteins blend and inclusion of Isochrysis aff. galbana (T-Iso) in diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.): Effects on growth and feed utilization efficiency

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Vélez-Calabria, G., Martínez-Llorens, S., Milián-Sorribes, M. C., Jauralde, I., Jover-Cerdá, M., & Tomás-Vidal, A. (2021). Fishmeal substitution by Iberian pig meal and vegetable proteins blend and inclusion of Isochrysis aff. galbana (T-Iso) in diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.): Effects on growth and feed utilization efficiency. Aquaculture Nutrition, 27, 2169-2181, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.13352. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] Research was carried out into the effect of partial and total fishmeal (FM) replacement by a vegetable and animal proteins blend, as well as the inclusion of microalgae in diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish of 64 g on initial weight were fed until apparent satiation for 88 days. The control diet (FM100) contained FM as the main protein source, whilst in FM25, FM10 and FM0 diets, the FM was replaced 75%, 90% and 100%, respectively, by a proteins blend consisting of Iberian pig meal (IPM) and vegetable protein meals. FM0+ was similar to FM0 diet but included 50 g/kg of Isochrysis aff. galbana (T-Iso). Results obtained in the final bodyweight and the specific growth rate indicate that the FM25 and FM100 diets achieved similar performances. An improvement in growth performance and nutrient utilization was observed in the FM0+ diet with respect to the FM0 diet. The highest retention efficiencies of protein, energy and essential amino acids were found in FM100 and FM25 diets. In conclusion, up to 75% FM substitution by a vegetable and animal proteins blend in on-growing gilthead seabream is feasible, in addition, the inclusion of Isochrysis aff. galbana (T-Iso) improves the growth and retention efficiencies in a non-FM diet.The research was supported by a grant financed by Generalitat Valenciana, IDIFEDER/2020/029. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. It was additionally granted by Contrato Predoctoral para la Formación de Profesorado Universitario from Subprogramas de Formación y Movilidad within the Programa Estatal de Promoción del Talento y su Empleabilidad of the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte of Spain. The authors acknowledge Marine Microalgae Biotechnology Research Group of the University of Almeria (Spain) for supplying the microalgae Isochrysis aff. galbana (T-Iso), as part of the research supported by the SABANA project of the European Union¿s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant # 727874).Vélez-Calabria, G.; Martínez-Llorens, S.; Milián-Sorribes, MC.; Jauralde García, I.; Jover Cerda, M.; Tomas-Vidal, A. (2021). Fishmeal substitution by Iberian pig meal and vegetable proteins blend and inclusion of Isochrysis aff. galbana (T-Iso) in diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.): Effects on growth and feed utilization efficiency. Aquaculture Nutrition. 27(6):2169-2181. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.13352S2169218127

Evaluación de la rentabilidad económica de la producción de dorada (Sparus auratus) en jaulas marinas

[ES] La actividad económica desarrollada en el mar mediterráneo de granjas marinas de dorada, producida en jaulas, es una industria con gran proyección al futuro y actualmente de un importante valor económico especialmente en España con una facturación de 95,.8 millones de Euros en el 2008. La rentabilidad de estas empresas productoras viene dada principalmente por dos factores como son el precio de venta y los costes de producción. Como no podemos influir en el precio del mercado, realizamos tres alternativas de volumen de producción (1,000, 2,000 y 3 ,000 tm/año) y dos tallas de venta (450 gr y 900 gr). Proponemos cuatro lotes anuales y fijamos como precio de venta de 4,5 ¿ y 9,0 ¿ respectivamente. De todas las alternativas se ha realizado un estudio económico estático, dinámico y un análisis de sensibilidad de todas las alternativas considerando diferentes precios de venta y costes de producción. Del trabajo realizado se deduce que el volumen de producción intermedio de tallas grandes es el que genera una mayor rentabilidad. Así para un volumen de producción anual de 2,000 tm y peso de venta 900 gr. Se produce la alternativa más rentable.[EN] The production of sea bream in marine farm in the Mediterranean sea is an industry with great future prospects whose current economic value is also significant, particularly in Spain where turnover reached 88.8 million Euros in 2009. The profitability of these producers is mainly a result of two factors: sale price and production costs. Since the market price cannot be influenced, three alternative production volumes (1,000, 2,000 and 3,000 tons/year) and two sale sizes (450 gr and 900 gr) were used. Four annual batches were proposed and the sale price was set at 4.5 ¿ and 9.0 ¿ respectively. Both a static and a dynamic economic study, as well as a sensitivity analysis, were performed on all the alternatives taking different sale prices and production costs into consideration. This study shows that an intermediate production volume of large sizes gives rise to the highest profitability. Accordingly, an annual production volume of 2,000 tons and sale weight of 900 gr. is the most profitable alternative.De Benito, F.; Maicas, F.; Jauralde García, I.; Martínez-Llorens, S.; Marín Sánchez, MDM.; Jover Cerda, MMF. (2013). Evaluación de la rentabilidad económica de la producción de dorada (Sparus auratus) en jaulas marinas. Aquatic. 37:123-138. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/32090S1231383