A Comparative Study of some Local Genotypes with Commercial Cultivar of Black Elder (Sambucus nigra L.) Regarding Vegetative and Reproductive Traits

The main goal of this study was to evaluate three black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) genotypes (“Prigorje”, “Korčula”, “Zagreb”) and compare them with cv. Haschberg as standard cultivar. Diameter of inflorescences, cluster mass, berry/stem mass ratio, mass of 10 berries and SSC were higher in season 2014 than in season 2015, while length of one-year-old shoot and flowering density showed no significant differences. Interaction between season and genotype (S × G) was not significant for any of studied parameters. Genotype “Korčula” had significantly smaller diameter of inflorescence (11.26 ± 1.5 cm) than genotypes “Prigorje”, “Zagreb” and cv. Haschberg (16.81 ± 2.38, 18.05 ± 2.39, 17.5 ± 2.23 cm, respectively). Genotype “Korčula” (0.09 ± 0.03 flowers·cm-1) had significantly smaller flowering density than genotypes “Prigorje”, “Zagreb” and cv. Haschberg (0.15 ± 0.07, 0.15 ± 0.04, 0.16 ± 0.04 flowers·cm-1, respectively). Genotype “Korčula” had significantly smaller cluster mass (23.35 ± 10.71 g) than genotypes “Prigorje”, “Zagreb” and cv. Haschberg (54.07 ± 22.09, 56.24 ± 22.76, 67.29 ± 24.56 g, respectively). Cv. Haschberg had significantly higher mass of 10 berries (1.35 ± 0.2 g) than genotypes “Zagreb” (1.15 ± 0.17 g) and “Korčula” (1.14 ± 0.19 g). Genotype “Zagreb” had significantly higher value of total soluble solids (10.23 ± 1.74 %Brix) than genotype “Korčula” (8.99 ± 1.89 %Brix). Among studied genotypes and cv. Haschberg no significant differences were found for length of one-year-old shoot. Since no significant differences were recorded between cv. Haschberg and genotypes “Zagreb” and “Prigorje” in majority of parameters, these genotypes should be further evaluated for longer period in order to bring final conclusions about their commercial and breeding potential

A Comparative Study of some Local Genotypes with Commercial Cultivar of Black Elder (Sambucus nigra L.) Regarding Vegetative and Reproductive Traits

The main goal of this study was to evaluate three black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) genotypes (“Prigorje”, “Korčula”, “Zagreb”) and compare them with cv. Haschberg as standard cultivar. Diameter of inflorescences, cluster mass, berry/stem mass ratio, mass of 10 berries and SSC were higher in season 2014 than in season 2015, while length of one-year-old shoot and flowering density showed no significant differences. Interaction between season and genotype (S × G) was not significant for any of studied parameters. Genotype “Korčula” had significantly smaller diameter of inflorescence (11.26 ± 1.5 cm) than genotypes “Prigorje”, “Zagreb” and cv. Haschberg (16.81 ± 2.38, 18.05 ± 2.39, 17.5 ± 2.23 cm, respectively). Genotype “Korčula” (0.09 ± 0.03 flowers·cm-1) had significantly smaller flowering density than genotypes “Prigorje”, “Zagreb” and cv. Haschberg (0.15 ± 0.07, 0.15 ± 0.04, 0.16 ± 0.04 flowers·cm-1, respectively). Genotype “Korčula” had significantly smaller cluster mass (23.35 ± 10.71 g) than genotypes “Prigorje”, “Zagreb” and cv. Haschberg (54.07 ± 22.09, 56.24 ± 22.76, 67.29 ± 24.56 g, respectively). Cv. Haschberg had significantly higher mass of 10 berries (1.35 ± 0.2 g) than genotypes “Zagreb” (1.15 ± 0.17 g) and “Korčula” (1.14 ± 0.19 g). Genotype “Zagreb” had significantly higher value of total soluble solids (10.23 ± 1.74 %Brix) than genotype “Korčula” (8.99 ± 1.89 %Brix). Among studied genotypes and cv. Haschberg no significant differences were found for length of one-year-old shoot. Since no significant differences were recorded between cv. Haschberg and genotypes “Zagreb” and “Prigorje” in majority of parameters, these genotypes should be further evaluated for longer period in order to bring final conclusions about their commercial and breeding potential

Utjecaj crvene foto selektivne mreže na kakvoću ploda jabuke \u27Granny Smith\u27 nakon čuvanja u hladnjači i života na polici

The present study was conducted with aim to test the effect of red photo-selective nets (Agritech S.r.l., Eboly, Italy) on \u27Granny Smith\u27 apple postharvest quality. The fruits have been harvested on optimal harvest date from orchard near city of Zadar where red photo-selective nets were used. Afterwards fruits were stored in regular air storage at 0°C for 4 months and then kept for 7 days at room temperature (shelf life). After harvest, cold storage and shelf life fruits grown under red net had significantly lower total soluble solid (SSC) content. After cold storage, superficial scald index and share of fruits with strong and very strong superficial scald severity were significantly higher in fruits grown under red net while for share of fruits with low superficial scald severity situation was opposite. After shelf life, fruits grown under red net had significantly higher titratable acidity (TA), but lower weight loss and SSC/TA ratio. It can be concluded that, due to greater susceptibility to superficial scald, prevention measures (optimal harvest time, 1-MCP and CA storage) should be applied when red photo-selective net is used on superficial scald-susceptible apple varieties.Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi utjecaj crvene fotoselektivne mreže (Agritech S.r.l., Eboli, Italija) na kakvoću plodova jabuke \u27Granny Smith\u27 nakon skladištenja i života na polici. Plodovi su ubrani u optimalnom roku u voćnjaku lociranom pokraj Zadra, Hrvatska gdje je korištena crvena fotoselektivna mreža. Nakon berbe plodovi su tijekom 4 mjeseca skladišteni u običnoj hladnjači pri 0°C te potom 7 dana na sobnoj temperaturi (život na polici). Plodovi uzgajani ispod crvene mreže su nakon berbe, skladištenja u hladnjači i života na polici imali signifikantno manji sadržaj topljive suhe tvari. Nakon završetka skladištenja u hladnjači indeks površinskog scalda te udio plodova sa jakim i iznimno jakim simptomima površinskog scalda je bio signifikantno veći na plodovima uzgojenima ispod crvene mreže, dok je za udio plodova sa blagim simptomima površinskog scalda situacija bila suprotna. Nakon života na polici plodovi uzgojeni ispod crvene mreže su imali signifikantno veću titracijsku kiselost, ali manji kalo i omjer topljive suhe tvari i titracijske kiselosti. Može se zaključiti da zbog veće osjetljivosti na površinski scald preventivne mjere (optimalan rok berbe, 1-MCP i čuvanje u kontroliranoj atmosferi) trebaju biti primijenjene kada se crvena fotoselektivna mreža koristi na sortama jabuke osjetljivima na površinski scald

IL-1b and TNF-a induce increased expression of CCL28 by airway epithelial cells via an NFjB-dependent pathway

CCL28 is a mucosal chemokine that attracts eosinophils and T cells via the receptors CCR3 and CCR10. Consequently, it is a candidate mediator of the pathology associated with asthma. This study examined constitutive and induced expression of CCL28 by A549 human airway epithelial-like cells. Real-time RT-PCR and ELISA of cultured cells and supernatants revealed constitutive levels of CCL28 expression to be low, whereas IL-1b and TNF-a, induced signiï¬cantly increased expression. Observations from induced sputum and human airway biopsies supported this. Signal transduction studies revealed that IL-1b and TNF-a stimulation induced NFjB phosphorylation in A549 cells, but antagonist inhibition of NFjB p50âp65 phosphorylation correlated with marked reduction of IL-1b or TNF-a induced CCL28 expression. Together these studies imply a role for CCL28 in the orchestration of airway inï¬ammation, and suggest that CCL28 is one link between microbial insult and the exacerbation of pathologies such as asthma, through an NFjB-dependent mechanism

Vegetative and Reproductive Traits of Young Peaches and Nectarines Grown under Red Photoselective Net

The effect of red photoselective net on yield per tree (g), yield efficiency (g·cm-2) leaf surface (cm2), fruit diameter (mm), fruit mass (g), fruit firmness (kg·cm-2) and soluble solids concentration (SSC) (%Brix) on young peach (‘Sugar Time’) and nectarine (‘Big Bang’) trees was studied. No significant differences were recorded for yield, yield efficiency and SSC on peach as well for all fruit quality parameters on nectarine. Both peach and nectarine trees grown under red net had significantly higher leaf surface (37.82 and 40.72 cm2, respectively) than in control (23.85 and 26.14 cm2, respectively). Peach fruits grown under red net had significantly higher fruit diameter (70.97 mm), fruit mass (163.73 g) and lower fruit firmness (2.12 kg·cm-2) than in control (65.24 mm, 135.84 g, and 3.04 kg·cm-2, respectively). It was concluded that red photoselective net has a positive effect on vegetative growth of peach and nectarine, and on majority of fruit quality parameters of peach, while on nectarine fruit quality there are no evident differences. Further research must be continued to verify these preliminary findings

Vegetative and Reproductive Traits of Young Peaches and Nectarines Grown under Red Photoselective Net

The effect of red photoselective net on yield per tree (g), yield efficiency (g·cm-2) leaf surface (cm2), fruit diameter (mm), fruit mass (g), fruit firmness (kg·cm-2) and soluble solids concentration (SSC) (%Brix) on young peach (‘Sugar Time’) and nectarine (‘Big Bang’) trees was studied. No significant differences were recorded for yield, yield efficiency and SSC on peach as well for all fruit quality parameters on nectarine. Both peach and nectarine trees grown under red net had significantly higher leaf surface (37.82 and 40.72 cm2, respectively) than in control (23.85 and 26.14 cm2, respectively). Peach fruits grown under red net had significantly higher fruit diameter (70.97 mm), fruit mass (163.73 g) and lower fruit firmness (2.12 kg·cm-2) than in control (65.24 mm, 135.84 g, and 3.04 kg·cm-2, respectively). It was concluded that red photoselective net has a positive effect on vegetative growth of peach and nectarine, and on majority of fruit quality parameters of peach, while on nectarine fruit quality there are no evident differences. Further research must be continued to verify these preliminary findings

Preliminary selection and evaluation of fungicides and natural compounds to control grey mold disease of rose caused by Botrytis cinerea

Botrytis cinerea es un hongo patógeno de las plantas que causa la enfermedad del moho gris del rosal (Rosa indica L.). La búsqueda de estrategias de control nuevas y alternativas respetuosas con el medio ambiente, en lugar de los productos químicos peligrosos, para diferentes enfermedades de los cultivos es un paso crucial y saludable para hacer frente a los retos actuales del cambio climático. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de diferentes extractos botánicos y agentes de biocontrol (biopesticidas) junto con diferentes fungicidas contra B. cinerea en condiciones in vitro. Se utilizaron tres concentraciones diferentes, a saber, 100, 200 y 300 ppm de cinco fungicidas, a saber, Acrobate, Melody, Cabrio top, Antracol y oxicloruro de cobre, extractos botánicos de ocho plantas Dhatura, Jengibre, Aak, Neem y Cebolla, en tres dosis diferentes de 5, 10 y 15%, El estudio de la incidencia de la enfermedad% de moho gris en el cultivo de rosas en la región muestra que la región de Hyderabad tiene un máximo (60%) de incidencia de la enfermedad en comparación con la región de Tandojam (40%). Entre los fungicidas, el Cabrio top redujo significativamente el crecimiento lineal de colonias (31 mm) de B. cinerea a una concentración de 300 ppm. Entre los productos botánicos, el extracto de la planta de neem mostró significativamente el menor crecimiento de colonias (23,33 mm), seguido de la planta de jengibre (25 mm) y la planta de dhatura (26 mm). La mayor concentración de fungicidas y las dosis más altas (15%) de extractos botánicos resultaron significativamente eficaces para controlar el patógeno B. cinerea. Among biopesticides, Fusarium solani appeared prominent in reducing colony growth (25.16 mm) of the pathogen but the difference was not significant 300 with most of the tested biocontrol agents. La recomendación en este estudio es la alta capacidad de los extractos botánicos y agentes de biocontrol en la reducción del crecimiento de moho gris, considerando potencialmente su uso en lugar de fungicidas sintéticos y mayor seguridad para el ecosistema.Campus Ic

Analysis of Acoustic Impulse Method for Determining Firmness and other Quality Parameters of \u27Gloster\u27 Apple

A comparative study regarding standard fruit quality measurements (fruit mass, firmness, soluble solids concentration, starch conversion rate and Streif index) and acoustic properties (resonant frequency, peak width, resonant frequency/peak width ratio and stiffness) were conducted in ‘Gloster’ apples during two seasons. The findings obtained indicate no significant differences between seasons in studied quality parameters as well as in acoustic properties. The fruits were characterized with unusual high mass and high variation in resonant frequency and peak width, especially in season-I. In about 50% of examined fruit, the acoustic signal was not typical with one clearly visible peak, and appeared with two or, in few cases, even three peaks that were sometimes of similar height. The fruit mass was negatively correlated with resonant frequency, but correlation coefficient was lower in season-I and less significant than in season-II. Correlation coefficient between fruit mass and peak width was the same in both seasons. Although positive correlation existed between fruit mass and resonant frequency/peak ratio in both seasons, correlation coefficient in season-I was higher and more significant than in season-II. Correlation between fruit mass and stiff ness existed only in season-II. Resonant frequency was positively correlated with peak width only in season-I. Stiff ness was positively correlated with Streif index and peak width only in season-II. Though not significant, higher variations in acoustic properties than standard quality measurements still indicate some usefulness of acoustic impulse method for determination of fruit quality of ‘Gloster’ apple. However, further research is needed to elucidate the significance of individual acoustic parameters and their relation to fruit quality

Analysis of Acoustic Impulse Method for Determining Firmness and other Quality Parameters of \u27Gloster\u27 Apple

A comparative study regarding standard fruit quality measurements (fruit mass, firmness, soluble solids concentration, starch conversion rate and Streif index) and acoustic properties (resonant frequency, peak width, resonant frequency/peak width ratio and stiffness) were conducted in ‘Gloster’ apples during two seasons. The findings obtained indicate no significant differences between seasons in studied quality parameters as well as in acoustic properties. The fruits were characterized with unusual high mass and high variation in resonant frequency and peak width, especially in season-I. In about 50% of examined fruit, the acoustic signal was not typical with one clearly visible peak, and appeared with two or, in few cases, even three peaks that were sometimes of similar height. The fruit mass was negatively correlated with resonant frequency, but correlation coefficient was lower in season-I and less significant than in season-II. Correlation coefficient between fruit mass and peak width was the same in both seasons. Although positive correlation existed between fruit mass and resonant frequency/peak ratio in both seasons, correlation coefficient in season-I was higher and more significant than in season-II. Correlation between fruit mass and stiff ness existed only in season-II. Resonant frequency was positively correlated with peak width only in season-I. Stiff ness was positively correlated with Streif index and peak width only in season-II. Though not significant, higher variations in acoustic properties than standard quality measurements still indicate some usefulness of acoustic impulse method for determination of fruit quality of ‘Gloster’ apple. However, further research is needed to elucidate the significance of individual acoustic parameters and their relation to fruit quality

Evaluation of seedling resistance and marker assisted selection for leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) resistance in Pakistani wheat landraces, cultivars and advanced lines

Leaf rust is amongst major biotic constraints of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) having ability to cause substantial yield reductions worldwide. A continuous exploration for novel sources of resistance is pre-requisite for its management. Objectives of study were to conduct resistance evaluation of 112 Pakistani landraces and 48 advanced lines/ cultivars at seedling stage with total 10 virulent pathotypes of leaf rust, 3 from Pakistan and 7 from U.S.A and to detect closely linked markers for Lr10, 16, 34 and 67 genes through marker-assisted selection (MAS). Findings revealed most of Pakistani landraces showed lack of resistance at seedling stage. Only 7 accessions of landraces and 11 advanced lines were found highly resistant against all pathotypes of Pakistan. Similarly, 10 advanced lines exhibited high resistance while variability in resistance was recorded for landraces against all pathotypes tested from USA. Marker-assisted selection revealed Lr genes i.e. Lr10, Lr16, Lr34 and Lr67 were present at various frequencies. Highest frequency was observed for Lr34 followed by Lr16 & Lr67 while lowest was recorded for Lr10. These genetic resources and lines identified effective against Pakistan and USA pathotypes are potential sources for improvement of leaf rust (LR) resistance and can be utilized as valuable material for breeding resistant wheat cultivars.Campus Ic