Antimicrobial activity of purified <i>A. gorakhpurensis</i> lectin.

<p>Antimicrobial activity of purified <i>A. gorakhpurensis</i> lectin.</p

Mitogenic response of mouse splenocytes to purified <i>A. gorakhpurensis</i> lectin.

<p>Con A, Concanavalin A lectin (Positive control); Neg, Negative control (Cells without the addition of any mitogen). Data is presented as Mean ± SD.</p

Palladacycles Based on 8‑Aminoquinoline Carboxamides of Cobalt and Iron Sandwich Compounds and a New Method to α‑Alkylate Cp Rings of Metal Sandwich Carboxamides

Reactions of {η⁵-C₅H₄[C­(O)­Cl]}­Co­(η⁴-C₄Ph₄) and {η⁵-C₅H₄[C­(O)­Cl]}­Fe­(η⁵-Cp) with 8-aminoquinoline resulted in cobalt and iron sandwich derived carboxamides. The reaction of these carboxamides with Pd­(OAc)₂ in acetonitrile resulted in α­C–H activation of the Cp rings of the sandwich compounds and formation of novel palladacycles <b>3</b> and <b>4</b>, having both N–H and one α-C–H hydrogen atom of the Cp ring displaced and palladium forming a square planar complex with acetonitrile as the fourth ligand. These air-stable palladacycles reacted with MeI and EtI in acetic acid, resulting in mono- and 2,5-di-α<i>-</i>alkylated sandwich carboxamides, thereby providing a new method to realize Cp-multisubstituted sandwich compounds. Selectivity in α-substitution was observed in the presence of NaHCO₃. The cobalt sandwich carboxamide <b>1</b>, the new palladacycles <b>3</b> and <b>4</b>, and the 2,5-dimethylated cobalt sandwich carboxamide <b>5</b> have also been structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray structural studies

a. Molecular mass determination of purified <i>A. gorakhpurensis</i> lectin by gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-100 column.

<p>(a) Conalbumin 75 kDa, (b) Ovalbumin 44 kDa, (c) Carbonic anhydrase 29 kDa, (d) Ribonuclease A 13.7 kDa, (e) Aprotinin 6.5 kDa. b. Elution profile of <i>A. gorakhpurensis</i> lectin on Sephadex G-100 column.</p

Affinity purification of <i>A. gorakhpurensis</i> lectin on mucin-Sepharose 4B column.

<p>Fractions (1.0 mL) were collected and analyzed for protein content and titre.</p

Molecular mass determination of <i>A. gorakhpurensis</i> lectin by MALDI-TOF.

<p>Molecular mass determination of <i>A. gorakhpurensis</i> lectin by MALDI-TOF.</p

Summary of purification of <i>A. gorakhpurensis</i> lectin.

<p>The lectin was purified by affinity chromatography on mucin-sepharose column and fractions (1.0 mL) were collected. Bound lectin, eluted by EDTA (0.02 M) was recovered in only 2 fractions. Combined fractions were dialysed and assayed for lectin activity and protein content.</p><p>Summary of purification of <i>A. gorakhpurensis</i> lectin.</p

Balancing Energy and Stability of Nitroamino-1,2,4-Oxadiazoles through a Planar Bridge

By integrating two approachesan ethene bridge to enhance safety and planarity to support good densitywe have achieved new high-energy-density materials 4–8. Compounds 4–8 show good detonation performance (Dv = 8037–9305 m s–1 and DP = 24.7–33.4 GPa) and large enthalpies of formation (260.1–1444.9 kJ mol–1). The detonation velocity of compound 8 (9305 ms–1) approaches that of HMX (9320 ms–1), which suggests it is a competitive high-energy-density material

Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel of <i>A. gorakhpurensis</i> lectin.

<p>Lane 1: Molecular weight markers from top: myosin (201.2 kDa); β-galactosidase (120.3 kDa); bovine serum albumin (100.2 kDa); ovalbumin (55.9 kDa); carbonic anhydrase (38.3 kDa); soyabean trypsin inhibitor (29.7 kDa) and lysozyme (20.7 kDa), Lane 2: Porcine stomach mucin-Sepharose 4B fraction, Lane 3: Crude.</p

Table3.DOCX

<p>Recurrent Vulvovaginal infections (RVVI) are the commonly reported microbiological syndrome affecting millions of women globally. Various molecules of innate immune system are instrumental in clearance of these microbial pathogens, thus suggested as one of the most important contributing factor in determining the disease outcome. Dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1 (Dectin-1) is an important molecule of innate immunity that is primarily known for its role in antifungal defenses. However, role of dectin-1 in recognition of other pathogens is also documented. The intracellular expression of dectin-1 was shown to be up-regulated by Mannose Binding Lectin (MBL)-mediated opsonophagocytosis of pathogens. Dectin-1 is encoded by CLEC7A, postulated to be a candidate gene in modulating risk of developing RVVI. In this study, we identified CLEC7A causal variants using in silico analysis. To assess their impact on susceptibility to RVVI, these causal variants along with serum dectin-1 levels (sDectin-1) were investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) and Enzyme Linked Immnosorbent Assay (ELISA) respectively, under a case-control design. Furthermore, effect of these polymorphisms was also assessed on sMBL levels. In silico analysis revealed 9 putative functional conserved SNPs of CLEC7A. Association analysis revealed a significantly lower risk of developing RVVI and its types in carriers of CLEC7A rs3901533 G allele and its homozygous genotypes (p < 0.05). The heterozygous genotype was associated with significant protection against RVVI (p = 0.004). Haplotypes GGG and GTA showed significant protection against RVVI (p < 0.0001; p = 0.0003), Bacterial Vaginosis (p = 0.03; p = 0.002), Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (p = 0.03; p = 0.01) and Mixed Infections (p = 0.007; p = 0.04). Mean sDectin-1 levels were significantly high in RVVI and its types compared to controls (p < 0.05). Further, genotype-phenotype stratification showed significant differences within/between cases groups and controls. The CLEC7A rs3901533 polymorphism was also found to be associated with sMBL levels. The present study contributed novel insights into the role of dectin-1 in RVVI. CLEC7A rs3901533 polymorphism and high sDectin-1 levels along with low sMBL levels were found to be associated with RVVI susceptibility. Thus, screening of women with RVVI for these novel associations may lead to better diagnosis and treatment. Also genotyping method used in this study constitutes a simple and reliable assay, which can be confidently, used as a cheaper alternative for genotyping these variants in clinical settings. Finally, new restorative markers for other infectious diseases might be found by exploring nine functionally identified CLEC7A SNPs.</p