45 research outputs found
Synthesis of biomedical Ti-25Ni-15Si-10HA alloy by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering
In this research approach, a β-phase titanium alloy was produced successfully
employing mechanical alloying and consolidated with spark plasma sintering (SPS)
process. Herein, Ni, Si and HA powders with varied weight percentage were used to
fabricate the Ti alloy. The influence of HA addition on microstructure of the alloy
was assessed using optical microscopy route and further amplified using field
emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The elemental composition and
phase of Ti-alloy was investigated using x-ray diffractometer. Vicker hardness (HV)
tester was employed to estimate the micro hardness of the specimen surface. During
the FESEM analysis, it was observed that within the sintering process, alloy exhibits
complex reactions with HA, which leads to the progress of bioactive compounds
(CaO, TiO2, Ca3 (PO4)2, Ti2Ni, CaTiO3 and CaTiSiO5) enhancing the bioactivity of
the Ti alloy. The fabricated Ti alloy (Ti-25Ni-15Si-10HA) exhibited superior
microhardness (~458HV) at 900°C, comparative to the other alloys of the native
category. Based upon the current investigation, Ti-25Ni-15Si-10HA alloy could find
applications as bioimplants in dental and orthopedic areas
Synthesis of biomedical Ti-25Ni-15Si-10HA alloy by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering
In this research approach, a β-phase titanium alloy was produced successfully
employing mechanical alloying and consolidated with spark plasma sintering (SPS)
process. Herein, Ni, Si and HA powders with varied weight percentage were used to
fabricate the Ti alloy. The influence of HA addition on microstructure of the alloy
was assessed using optical microscopy route and further amplified using field
emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The elemental composition and
phase of Ti-alloy was investigated using x-ray diffractometer. Vicker hardness (HV)
tester was employed to estimate the micro hardness of the specimen surface. During
the FESEM analysis, it was observed that within the sintering process, alloy exhibits
complex reactions with HA, which leads to the progress of bioactive compounds
(CaO, TiO2, Ca3 (PO4)2, Ti2Ni, CaTiO3 and CaTiSiO5) enhancing the bioactivity of
the Ti alloy. The fabricated Ti alloy (Ti-25Ni-15Si-10HA) exhibited superior
microhardness (~458HV) at 900°C, comparative to the other alloys of the native
category. Based upon the current investigation, Ti-25Ni-15Si-10HA alloy could find
applications as bioimplants in dental and orthopedic areas
Cost-benefit analysis of intervention policies for prevention and control of brucellosis in India
<div><p>Background</p><p>Brucellosis is endemic in the bovine population in India and causes a loss of US 4·16 billion for intervention (a), US 4·26 for intervention (c). For buffalo, the corresponding NPVs were US 13·42 and, US $ 7·66, respectively. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) for the first, second and the third intervention for cattle were 7·98, 10·62 and, 3·16, respectively. Corresponding BCR estimates for buffalo were 17·81, 21·27 and, 3·79, respectively.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>These results suggest that all interventions will be cost-effective with the intervention (b), i.e. the vaccination of replacements with mass vaccination at the beginning of the program, being the most cost-effective choice. Further, sensitivity analysis revealed that all interventions will be cost-effective even at the 50% of the current prevalence estimates. The results advocate for the implementation of a disease control program for brucellosis in India.</p></div
Parameters used for benefit-cost analysis of intervention strategies to control brucellosis in bovine populations, India (1 US $ = Rs. 60/-).
<p>Parameters used for benefit-cost analysis of intervention strategies to control brucellosis in bovine populations, India (1 US $ = Rs. 60/-).</p
Net present value (NPV) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of a brucellosis intervention program in buffalo (first 20 years) in India.
<p>Scenario 1 –Vaccination of replacements; Scenario 2 –Vaccination for all at once followed by vaccination of replacements; Scenario 3 –Vaccination of replacements for the first 10 years followed by the test and cull for remaining 10 years.</p
Net present value (NPV) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of a brucellosis intervention program in cattle (first 20 years) in India.
<p>Scenario 1 –Vaccination of replacements; Scenario 2 –Vaccination for all at once followed by vaccination of replacements; Scenario 3 –Vaccination of replacements for the first 10 years followed by the test and cull for remaining 10 years.</p
A framework for selecting the location of very large photovoltaic solar power plants on a global/supergrid
One of the important optimization applications (minimization and maximization) is the power grid systems. National electricity grids should be interconnected to develop larger regional grids (supergrids), and further integrated to build up a worldwide grid (global grid) for minimizing consumption of natural resources and maximizing economical useful life, recycling rate, and effective usage of natural resources. These supergrids and global grid concepts can only be developed through detailed and organized supportive research studies. This research study aims to find, define, identify, describe and select location selection factors of very large photovoltaic solar power plant investments on a global grid and supergrid concepts. Grey systems theory, fuzzy (Type-1 and 2) theories, Mamdani’s type fuzzy rule-based system, Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM), Impact Matrix Cross-Reference Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC) tool, and Political, Economic, Social and Technological (PEST) framework and its extensions (SLEPT, PESTEL, PESTLE, STEEPLE, STEEPLED, DESTEP, STEER) are concurrently used in this study. Eleven (11) criteria are presented for preliminary screening (i.e. C1: global horizontal irradiation (GHI), C2: governments supergrid integration policy, C3: supergrid business climate and conditions, C4: High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) and High Voltage Alternating Current (HVAC) electrification grid infrastructure, C5: land use, allocation and availability, C6: geological conditions, C7: political, war, terror & security, C8: topographical conditions, C9: climatic conditions, C10: water availability conditions, C11: natural disaster/hazard conditions), and 191 factors are presented for pre-feasibility investment stages. Findings can directly be used or taken as a basis for further analysis by researchers and practitioners. Keywords: Fuzzy logic, Global grid, Interpretive structural modelling, MICMAC, PEST, Photovoltaic, Supergri
Changes in prevalence of brucellosis in buffaloes after the implementation of intervention programmes.
<p>Changes in prevalence of brucellosis in buffaloes after the implementation of intervention programmes.</p