HFD treatment reduces the level of MG53 in blood circulation.

<p>(A) Western blotting MG53 levels in serum of ND (n = 5) and HFD (n = 7)-treated mice. (B) Quantification of western blot densities reveals reduced MG53 serum levels in mice on HFD. The results are presented as mean ± SEM. ** p<0.01.</p

HFD treatment induces MG53 localization to the plasma membrane and mitochondria in skeletal muscle.

<p>(A) IHC staining of longitudinal sections of skeletal muscle reveals striated patterns of MG53 in ND-treated mice (left). HFD treatment results in the aggregation of MG53 near the plasma membrane (middle). mg53-/- muscle cells show no staining (right). Scale bar: 20 μm. (B) Cross-sections of TA muscle tissue reveal punctated distribution of MG53 inside the muscle fibers of HFD-treated mice (lower panels), which was not witnessed in those subjected to normal conditions (upper panels). COX IV staining (green) suggests the possibility of MG53 (red) localization around mitochondria, since COX IV positive signals were detected in the center of MG53 punctates (please see the right panels with high magnification). Scale bar: 10 μm.</p

HFD-treated mice exhibit metabolic syndrome.

<p>(<b>A</b>) HFD-treated mice are glucose intolerant and (<b>B</b>) insulin resistant. n = 5 normal diet (ND), n = 8 high fat diet (HFD). (<b>C</b>) HFD induces mice obesity. (<b>D</b>) Lipid profiling shows elevated total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in HFD-induced mice. The results are presented as mean ± SEM. * p<0.05; ** p<0.01.</p