STUDY OF IMMOBILIZATION OF PROTEASE AND SORPTION OF BSA ON CELLULOSE, CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES, AND GRAFT COPOLYMERS

In order to develop novel polymeric supports based on cellulosics, cellulose extracted from pine needles, a perennial resource material available in huge quantities as waste, was graft copolymerized with vinyl monomers. Cellulose, cellulose derivatives, and their graft copolymers with highest percent grafting (Pg) were used as supports for immobilization of an industrially important protease enzyme and the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) by a specific sorption method. The Manachini method was used to determine activity of the immobilized enzyme. Sorption of protein was characterized by activity of protein concentration by the Lowry method. Cellulose itself was found to be effective as a polymeric support to retain a good amount of protease and BSA, whereas cellulose derivatives were effective to adsorb BSA only. Among cellulose graft copolymers, those based on methyl methacrylate proved to be better sorbents

Optimization of Extraction Solvent and Fast Blue BB Assay for Comparative Analysis of Antioxidant Phenolics from Cucumis melo L.

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruits contain multiple health-promoting compounds, including phenolic compounds, which are antioxidants. Accurate measurement of antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents (TPCs) require an efficient solvent extraction. In this study, we evaluated free radical scavenging activity and TPC of melon extracts extracted with 22 different solvent combinations. The DPPH scavenging activities were high in 100% methanolic (39.48 ± 0.36 µg g−1) and 80% methanolic extracts (38.99 ± 0.44 µg g−1). Similarly, the ABTS scavenging activities were high in 100% methanolic (315.11 ± 10.38 µg g−1) and 80% methanol extracts (297.39 ± 14.98 µg g−1). The Folin–Ciocalteu (F–C) assay is typically used to measure TPC but may be affected by interference from sugars and other compounds. Therefore, we optimized an assay for TPC using Fast Blue (FB) salt and developed a standard operating procedure for microplate analysis using FB. Our analysis of standard samples and comparisons with the F–C assay suggested that the optimized FB assay could be used to measure TPC in fruit and juice samples. Moreover, we successfully detected six phenolic compounds in methanol extracts of melon by LC-HR-QTOF/MS

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Not AvailableBackground: As a powerful antioxidant and natural colorant, anthocyanins are being used increasingly as a component of food supplements and nutraceutical products. Hence, its characterization is a prerequisite for further exploration of its nutraceutical potential. UV-Vis and MS are the two important techniques, which have been largely employed for the qualitative and quantitative determination of anthocyanins. However, a comprehensive review of the applications of these techniques in literature is scarce. Objective: This paper aims to review the utilization of UV-Vis spectral data as well as mass spectral data for characterization and putative identification of anthocyanins with approaches of quantification. Methods: The techniques described in literature have been thoroughly reviewed and comparatively evaluated. The complementary approaches of UV-Vis and MS spectra have been discussed for identification and quantification of these compounds. Results: Valuable information about the chemical composition and structure of anthocyanins can be predicted from the UV-Vis spectral data, such as number and type of glycosylation as well as absence or presence of acylation, to name a few. It is also pointed out that for their structural confirmation, selectivity of mass detectors with unit and high-resolution analysis could be effective. Conclusions: The combination of LC-MS with UV-Vis spectroscopy provides complementary information on structural details of anthocyanins. In case the analytical reference standards are available, a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer provides selectivity and quantitative sensitivity in analysis. On the other hand, high-resolution MS analysis provides valuable information for tentative identification during nontarget screening of compounds when the reference standard is not available. Highlights: This paper reviews the applications of UV-Vis spectroscopy and LC-MS for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthocyanins.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableBackground: As a powerful antioxidant and natural colorant, anthocyanins are being used increasingly as a component of food supplements and nutraceutical products. Hence, its characterization is a prerequisite for further exploration of its nutraceutical potential. UV-Vis and MS are the two important techniques, which have been largely employed for the qualitative and quantitative determination of anthocyanins. However, a comprehensive review of the applications of these techniques in literature is scarce. Objective: This paper aims to review the utilization of UV-Vis spectral data as well as mass spectral data for characterization and putative identification of anthocyanins with approaches of quantification. Methods: The techniques described in literature have been thoroughly reviewed and comparatively evaluated. The complementary approaches of UV-Vis and MS spectra have been discussed for identification and quantification of these compounds. Results: Valuable information about the chemical composition and structure of anthocyanins can be predicted from the UV-Vis spectral data, such as number and type of glycosylation as well as absence or presence of acylation, to name a few. It is also pointed out that for their structural confirmation, selectivity of mass detectors with unit and high-resolution analysis could be effective. Conclusions: The combination of LC-MS with UV-Vis spectroscopy provides complementary information on structural details of anthocyanins. In case the analytical reference standards are available, a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer provides selectivity and quantitative sensitivity in analysis. On the other hand, high-resolution MS analysis provides valuable information for tentative identification during nontarget screening of compounds when the reference standard is not available. Highlights: This paper reviews the applications of UV-Vis spectroscopy and LC-MS for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthocyanins.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableAs a powerful antioxidant and natural colorant, anthocyanins are being used increasingly as a component of food supplements and nutraceutical products. Hence, its characterization is a prerequisite for further exploration of its nutraceutical potential. UV-Vis and MS are the two important techniques, which have been largely employed for the qualitative and quantitative determination of anthocyanins. However, a comprehensive review of the applications of these techniques in literature is scarce. Objective: This paper aims to review the utilization of UV-Vis spectral data as well as mass spectral data for characterization and putative identification of anthocyanins with approaches of quantification. Methods: The techniques described in literature have been thoroughly reviewed and comparatively evaluated. The complementary approaches of UV-Vis and MS spectra have been discussed for identification and quantification of these compounds. Results: Valuable information about the chemical composition and structure of anthocyanins can be predicted from the UV-Vis spectral data, such as number and type of glycosylation as well as absence or presence of acylation, to name a few. It is also pointed out that for their structural confirmation, selectivity of mass detectors with unit and high-resolution analysis could be effective. Conclusions: The combination of LC-MS with UV-Vis spectroscopy provides complementary information on structural details of anthocyanins. In case the analytical reference standards are available, a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer provides selectivity and quantitative sensitivity in analysis. On the other hand, high-resolution MS analysis provides valuable information for tentative identification during nontarget screening of compounds when the reference standard is not available. Highlights: This paper reviews the applications of UV-Vis spectroscopy and LC-MS for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthocyanins.Not Availabl

Anthocyanin Profiling Using UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Not AvailableAs a powerful antioxidant and natural colorant, anthocyanins are being used increasingly as a component of food supplements and nutraceutical products. Hence, its characterization is a prerequisite for further exploration of its nutraceutical potential. UV-Vis and MS are the two important techniques, which have been largely employed for the qualitative and quantitative determination of anthocyanins. However, a comprehensive review of the applications of these techniques in literature is scarce. Objective: This paper aims to review the utilization of UV-Vis spectral data as well as mass spectral data for characterization and putative identification of anthocyanins with approaches of quantification. Methods: The techniques described in literature have been thoroughly reviewed and comparatively evaluated. The complementary approaches of UV-Vis and MS spectra have been discussed for identification and quantification of these compounds. Results: Valuable information about the chemical composition and structure of anthocyanins can be predicted from the UV-Vis spectral data, such as number and type of glycosylation as well as absence or presence of acylation, to name a few. It is also pointed out that for their structural confirmation, selectivity of mass detectors with unit and high-resolution analysis could be effective. Conclusions: The combination of LC-MS with UV-Vis spectroscopy provides complementary information on structural details of anthocyanins. In case the analytical reference standards are available, a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer provides selectivity and quantitative sensitivity in analysis. On the other hand, high-resolution MS analysis provides valuable information for tentative identification during nontarget screening of compounds when the reference standard is not available. Highlights: This paper reviews the applications of UV-Vis spectroscopy and LC-MS for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthocyanins.Not Availabl

Comparative Metabolomics Profiling of Polyphenols, Nutrients and Antioxidant Activities of Two Red Onion (Allium cepa L.) Cultivars

Onion is among the most widely cultivated and consumed economic crops. Onions are an excellent dietary source of polyphenols and nutrients. However, onions phytonutrient compositions vary with cultivars and growing locations. Therefore, the present study involved the evaluation of polyphenol, nutritional composition (proteins, nitrogen, and minerals), sugars, pyruvate, antioxidant, and α-amylase inhibition activities of red onion cultivars, sweet Italian, and honeysuckle grown in California and Texas, respectively. The total flavonoid for honeysuckle and sweet Italian was 449 and 345 μg/g FW, respectively. The total anthocyanin for honeysuckle onion was 103 μg/g FW, while for sweet Italian onion was 86 μg/g FW. Cyanidin-3-(6”-malonoylglucoside) and cyanidin-3-(6”-malonoyl-laminaribioside) were the major components in both the cultivars. The pungency of red onions in honeysuckle ranged between 4.9 and 7.9 μmoL/mL, whereas in sweet Italian onion ranged from 8.3 to 10 μmoL/mL. The principal component analysis was applied to determine the most important variables that separate the cultivars of red onion. Overall results indicated that total flavonoids, total phenolic content, total anthocyanins, protein, and calories for honeysuckle onions were higher than the sweet Italian onions. These results could provide information about high quality and adding value to functional food due to the phytochemicals and nutritional composition of red onions

Evaluation of <em>in vitro</em> antimicrobial activity, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical, proximate composition of leaf and stem of <em>Reinwardtia indica </em> Dumort: A comparative study

248-253Reinwardtia indica as evaluated for its antimicrobial potential, qualitative and quantitative estimation of phytochemicals, and proximate composition analysis by using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the agar well diffusion method against four bacterial strains and two fungal strains. Ethanol and chloroform extract of the leaf and the stem are highly active against all the strains. This might be due to the presence of different phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides. The result of the proximate composition showed that the stem contained higher values of crude proteins, crude lipids, carbohydrates, and nutritive energy. The stem bark was richer in carbohydrates than the leaves. From the results, it can be concluded that R. Indica may be a good source of energy, is rich in phytochemicals, and have antimicrobial nature, thus, may be useful in various pharmaceutical formulations

Evaluation of in vitro antimicrobial activity, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical, proximate composition of leaf and stem of Reinwardtia indica Dumort: A comparative study

Reinwardtia indica Dumort as evaluated for its antimicrobial potential, qualitative and quantitative estimation of phytochemicals, and proximate composition analysis by using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the agar well diffusion method against four bacterial strains and two fungal strains. Ethanol and chloroform extract of the leaf and the stem are highly active against all the strains. This might be due to the presence of different phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides. The result of the proximate composition showed that the stem contained higher values of crude proteins, crude lipids, carbohydrates, and nutritive energy. The stem bark was richer in carbohydrates than the leaves. From the results, it can be concluded that R. indica may be a good source of energy, is rich in phytochemicals, and have antimicrobial nature, thus, may be useful in various pharmaceutical formulations

Compositional and functional difference in cumin (Cuminum cyminum) essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation and SCFE

Essential oils were obtained from same raw material of cumin seed by extraction with hydrodistillation and super critical fluid extraction (SCFE). For SCFE, supercritical carbon dioxide at 45°C and 100 bar was used as variable for the extraction. The composition of the extracts was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Yield of essential oil was more in the SCFE method. Extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction technique using CO2 was heavier than the hydrodistilled volatile oil. Cumin oil obtained by hydrodistillation contained higher percentage of cuminaldehyde (52.6%), then did oil obtained by SCFE (37.3%), whereas cumin oil obtained by hydrodistillation had the lower percentage of cuminic alcohol (13.3%) as compared to 19.3% in SCFE method. However, cuminal (2-caren-10-al) content was almost similar in cumin oil obtained by the SCFE and hydrodistillation method (24.5–25.8%). Hydrodistilled volatile oil showed better antioxidant activity measured by DPPH and FRAP assay and more total phenol content. The results indicated that though essential oil yield was more in the SCFE method, antioxidant property was more in conventional hydrodistillation method. SCFE extracted non polar (wax materials) compounds along with volatile oil and it was recorded that enhanced aroma of signature compounds of cumin