Effects of electromagnetic field on a radiating star

In this paper we study the shear free spherical symmetric gravitational collapse of charged radiating star. All the physical quantities including pressure, density are regular. Energy conditions are satisfied throughout the interior of the matter configuration. The luminosity is time independent and mass is radiated linearly. The causal and non causal temperature remains greater than that of the uncharged collapsing scenario.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2102.0142

Overview of the Process of Enzymatic Transformation of Biomass

Cellulase is an enzyme which depolymerizes the cellulose into glucose. Cellulases are produced by a diverse array of microbes including fungi, bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes. Considerable research for understanding the mechanism of cellulases began in early 1950s because of the significant use of these enzymes in various industries. This review provides a general account structure and availability of lignocellulosic biomass, pretreatment strategies for effective digestion, cellulase producing organisms, cellulase activity assay, and enzymology of cellulose degradation. Cellulase production, optimization, purification and characterization studies in addition to the industrial application of cellulase have also been discussed. At last a brief account of present market scenario of cellulases and future prospects of the study are also taken into account

Anthocyanins: Plant-based flavonoid pigments with diverse biological activities

Anthocyanins are flavonoid containing polyphenolic phytochemicals. They are widely present in plants and accounts for different color shades displayed by the plant organs. A broad range of health-revitalizing effects is attributed to anthocyanins, constituting a vital part of the human diet. They are also accountable for ameliorating the detrimental effects of various lifestyle diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, neurological disorders, etc. These beneficial impacts highly depend on the bioavailability of anthocyanins, governed by their absorption and metabolism in the human body. The primary goal of this review is to summarize the latest anthocyanin knowledge while focusing on the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and various biological advantages with anti-cancer, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, antioxidant, cardiovascular protective, vision improvement, antiviral, and antimicrobial effects

Baroreflex sensitivity is impaired in survivors of mild COVID-19 at 3-6 months of clinical recovery; association with carotid artery stiffness

The association between the stiffening of barosensitive regions of central arteries and the derangements in baroreflex functions remains unexplored in COVID-19 survivors. Fifty-seven survivors of mild COVID-19 (defined as presence of upper respiratory tract symptoms and/or fever without shortness of breath or hypoxia; SpO2 > 93%), with an age range of 22-66 years (27 females) participated at 3-6 months of recovering from the acute phase of RT-PCR positive COVID-19. Healthy volunteers whose baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and arterial stiffness data were acquired prior to the onset of the pandemic constituted the control group. BRS was found to be significantly lower in the COVID survivor group for the systolic blood pressure-based sequences (BRS SBP ) [9.78 (7.16-17.74) ms/mmHg vs 16.5 (11.25-23.78) ms/mmHg; p = 0.0253]. The COVID survivor group showed significantly higher carotid β stiffness index [7.16 (5.75-8.18) vs 5.64 (4.34-6.96); (p = 0.0004)], and pulse wave velocity β (PWVβ ) [5.67 (4.96-6.32) m/s vs 5.12 (4.37-5.41) m/s; p = 0.0002]. BRS quantified by both the sequence and spectral methods showed an inverse correlation with PWVβ in the male survivors. Impairment of BRS in the male survivors of mild COVID-19 at 3-6 months of clinical recovery shows association with carotid artery stiffness

Radiating-collapsing models satisfying Karmarkar condition

This paper presents a class of exact spherical symmetric solutions of the Einstein equations admitting heat-conducting anisotropic fluid as a collapsing matter. The exterior spacetime is assumed to be the Vaidya metric. This class of solutions is shown to satisfy all the energy conditions throughout the interior of the star, and the luminosity is time independent, radiating uniformly throughout the collapse

Gravitationally collapsing stars in f(R)f(R) gravity

The gravitational dynamics of a collapsing matter configuration which is simultaneously radiating heat flux is studied in $f(R)$ gravity. Three particular functional forms in $f(R)$ gravity are considered to show that it is possible to envisage boundary conditions such that the end state of the collapse has a weak singularity and that the matter configuration radiates away all of its mass before collapsing to reach the central singularity.Comment: 23 pages, 35 figure

Current status of lupus nephritis

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic disease of unknown aetiology with variable course and prognosis. Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the important disease manifestations of SLE with considerable influence on patient outcomes. Immunosuppression therapy has made it possible to control the disease with improved life expectancy and quality of life. In the last few decades, various studies across the globe have clarified the role, dose and duration of immunosuppression currently in use and also provided evidence for new agents such as mycophenolate mofetil, calcineurin inhibitors and rituximab. However, there is still a need to develop new and specific therapy with less adverse effects. In this review, the current evidence of the treatment of LN and its evolution, and new classification criteria for SLE have been discussed. Also, rationale for low-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide as induction agent followed by azathioprine as maintenance agent has been provided with emphasis on individualized and holistic approach

Spherical Gravitational Collapse in 4D Einstein- Gauss- Bonnet theory

In this paper, we study spherical gravitational collapse of inhomogeneous pressureless matter in $n \rightarrow4$d Einstein- Gauss- Bonnet gravity. The collapse leads to either a black hole or a massive naked singularity depending on time of formation of trapped surfaces. More precisely, horizon formation and its time development is controlled by relative strengths of the Gauss- Bonnet coupling $(\lambda)$ and the mass function $F(r,t)$ of collapsing sphere. We find that, if there is no trapped surfaces on the initial Cauchy hypersurface and $F(r,t)< 2\sqrt{\lambda}$\,, the central singularity is massive and naked. When this inequality is equalised or reversed, the central singularity is always censored by spacelike/timelike spherical marginally trapped surface of topology $S^{2}\times \mathbb{R}$, which eventually becomes null and coincides with the event horizon at equilibrium. These conclusions are verified for a wide class of mass profiles admitting different initial velocity conditions. Hence, our result implies that the $4$d Einstein- Gauss- Bonnet generically violates the cosmic censorship conjuncture. Further implications of the cosmic censorship hypothesis are also discussed.Comment: 21 pages, 22 figure