4 research outputs found
Using field size factors to characterize the in-air fluence of a proton machine with a range shifter
Early evolution of the LIM homeobox gene family
Background: LIM homeobox (Lhx) transcription factors are unique to the animal lineage and have patterning roles during embryonic development in flies, nematodes and vertebrates, with a conserved role in specifying neuronal identity. Though genes of this family have been reported in a sponge and a cnidarian, the expression patterns and functions of the Lhx family during development in non-bilaterian phyla are not known
Exploring skeletal muscle tolerance and wholeâbody metabolic effects of FDAâapproved drugs in a volumetric muscle loss model
Abstract Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is associated with persistent functional impairment due to a lack of de novo muscle regeneration. As mechanisms driving the lack of regeneration continue to be established, adjunctive pharmaceuticals to address the pathophysiology of the remaining muscle may offer partial remediation. Studies were designed to evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of two FDAâapproved pharmaceutical modalities to address the pathophysiology of the remaining muscle tissue after VML injury: (1) nintedanib (an antiâfibrotic) and (2) combined formoterol and leucine (myogenic promoters). Tolerance was first established by testing lowâ and highâdosage effects on uninjured skeletal muscle mass and myofiber crossâsectional area in adult male C57BL/6J mice. Next, tolerated doses of the two pharmaceutical modalities were tested in VMLâinjured adult male C57BL/6J mice after an 8âweek treatment period for their ability to modulate muscle strength and wholeâbody metabolism. The most salient findings indicate that formoterol plus leucine mitigated the loss in muscle mass, myofiber number, wholeâbody lipid oxidation, and muscle strength, and resulted in a higher wholeâbody metabolic rate (pââ€â0.016); nintedanib did not exacerbate or correct aspects of the muscle pathophysiology after VML. This supports ongoing optimization efforts, including scaleâup evaluations of formoterol treatment in large animal models of VML
Hydrogel Nanosensors for Colorimetric Detection and Dosimetry in Proton Beam Radiotherapy
Proton beam therapy (PBT) is a state-of-the-art
radiotherapy treatment approach that uses focused proton beams for
tumor ablation. A key advantage of this approach over conventional
photon radiotherapy (XRT) is the unique dose deposition characteristic
of protons, which results in superior healthy tissue sparing. This
results in fewer unwanted side effects and improved outcomes for patients.
Currently available dosimeters are intrinsic, complex, and expensive
and are not routinely used to determine the dose delivered to the
tumor. Here, we report a hydrogel-based plasmonic nanosensor for detecting
clinical doses used in conventional and hyperfractionated proton beam
radiotherapy. In this nanosensor, gold ions, encapsulated in a hydrogel,
are reduced to gold nanoparticles following irradiation with proton
beams. Formation of gold nanoparticles renders a color change to the
originally colorless hydrogel. The intensity of the color can be used
to calibrate the hydrogel nanosensor in order to quantify different
radiation doses employed during proton treatment. The potential of
this nanosensor for clinical translation was demonstrated using an
anthropomorphic phantom mimicking a clinical radiotherapy session.
The simplicity of fabrication, detection range in the fractionated
radiotherapy regime, and ease of detection with translational potential
makes this a first-in-kind plasmonic colorimetric nanosensor for applications
in clinical proton beam therapy